2010
DOI: 10.1155/2010/150960
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Clinical Relevance of KRAS in Human Cancers

Abstract: The KRAS gene (Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) is an oncogene that encodes a small GTPase transductor protein called KRAS. KRAS is involved in the regulation of cell division as a result of its ability to relay external signals to the cell nucleus. Activating mutations in the KRAS gene impair the ability of the KRAS protein to switch between active and inactive states, leading to cell transformation and increased resistance to chemotherapy and biological therapies targeting epidermal growth… Show more

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Cited by 289 publications
(205 citation statements)
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“…2 Point mutations in the KRAS gene are causally associated with both primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR drugs in metastatic colorectal cancer. 3,4 Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients with KRAS wild-type (wt-KRAS) tumors are still not responsive to the treatment. Additional oncogenic activations of downstream genes of EGFR signaling pathway, such as the RAS-RAF-MAPK and PI3K-PTEN-AKT pathways, are emerging as promising biomarkers, although they have not been yet validated for routine clinical use.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2 Point mutations in the KRAS gene are causally associated with both primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR drugs in metastatic colorectal cancer. 3,4 Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients with KRAS wild-type (wt-KRAS) tumors are still not responsive to the treatment. Additional oncogenic activations of downstream genes of EGFR signaling pathway, such as the RAS-RAF-MAPK and PI3K-PTEN-AKT pathways, are emerging as promising biomarkers, although they have not been yet validated for routine clinical use.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the unique conformation of KRAS, its position in the cell membrane, and its extremely high affinity for GTP make it a challenge to inhibit in clinical practice (72,73). Many proteins including KRAS require posttranslational farnesylation to reach their membrane positions and function properly in cell signaling (74). Selective inhibitors of farnesyl transferases (e.g., tipifarnib) have been used to manipulate KRAS processing successfully in preclinical setting.…”
Section: Kras and Associated Targetsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Białko to oddziałuje za pośrednictwem efektora RAF1 z β-kateniną i kieruje ją do jądra komórkowego [10]. W badaniach prowadzonych na myszach dowiedziono, że współobecność mutacji w genach APC i KRAS powoduje znaczne zwiększenie rozmiarów gruczolaków, ich liczby i inwazyjności [11]. Zwykle role nieaktywnego APC i mutacji KRAS w kancerogenezie rozpatrywane są niezależnie.…”
Section: Mutacje W Genie Apcunclassified