Clinical Recommendations for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Data Assessment in Specific Patient Populations

Upward Shift and Steepening of the Blood Pressure Response to Exercise in Hypertensive Subjects at High Altitude

“…We related systolic BP to VO 2 as a way to normalize BP increase for metabolic demand and cardiac output increase,10 given the need to compare the different conditions in which we assessed hypertensive individuals in our study. Indeed, it has been previously shown that the linear relationship between VO 2 and cardiac output is maintained at high altitude hypobaric hypoxia 11, 12, 13.…”

“…For each subject, systolic BP at each step of exercise was plotted against VO 2 in order to calculate the BP intercept and the slope of their relationship, as a way to normalize BP increment for metabolic demand and cardiac output increase 10. In fact, a constant linear relationship between cardiac output and VO 2 has been demonstrated at sea level as well as at altitude 11, 12, 13.…”

Comparison of Long Term Oxygen-Therapy (LTOT) and LTOT Combined with Sildenafil and Simvastatin in the Treatment of Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary (COPD) with Hypoxia at Rest and Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

“…It was based on the symptom-limited physical exercise test with ventilatory expired gas analysis using a cycle ergometer. The workload from 5 Watts to 10 Watts or 15 Watts/minute protocol had been adapted for each study subject to obtain at least 8 min (with 2 min of warming up for the first step) of exercise duration as recommended previously [17]. The peak of oxygen consumption uptake (VO 2 max) was used for comparing the exercise capacity of study patients at inclusion and after 3 and 6 months.…”

2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on Non-cardiac Surgery: Cardiovascular Assessment and Management

“…177 Both the cardiac and pulmonary reserve and their interaction can then be evaluated; this is far more accurate than judging the capacity by interview alone. An anaerobic threshold of ,11 mL O 2 /kg/min has been used as a marker of increased risk.…”

“…An anaerobic threshold of ,11 mL O 2 /kg/min has been used as a marker of increased risk. 177 Two review papers have assessed the role of CPX as a pre-operative evaluation tool. 178,179 Meta-analyses are difficult, due to heterogeneity in methodology and outcome measures.…”