Clinical Reactions and Tolerance to LSD in Chronic Schizophrenia

Cholden, Louis; Kurland, Albert A.; Savage, Charles

doi:10.1097/00005053-195509000-00001

Cited by 67 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Daily administration of LSD leads essentially to complete loss of sensitivity to the effects of the drug by day 4 (Cholden et al, 1955;Belleville et al, 1956). Likewise, in humans, daily administration of the hallucinogenic amphetamine 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) also led to significant tolerance to the drug effect by day 3 (Angrist et al, 1974).…”

Section: B Production Of Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelics

2016

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Section: B Production Of Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelics

2016

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“…The existence of cross-tolerance between V -lll and LSD also supports the hypothesis. Data on tolerance to some of the effects of psychotomimetics and even cross-tolerance between them in animals are steadily accumulating [Freedman ct al., 1958[Freedman ct al., , 1964Smythies et al, 1966;Mahler and Humaller, 1959;Isbell et al, 1967], A rapid tolerance to the mental effects of LSD has been demonstrated in man by Isbell et al [1955] and confirmed by others [Cholden et al, 1955;Abramson et al, 1956], Cross-tolerance to LSD in man has also been published with mescaline [Balestrieri, 1957;Wolbach et al. 1962] with psilocybin [Isbell et al, 1961] and DMT [Rosenberg et al, 1964].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cross-tolerance Between Para-bromo-methamphetamine (V-111) and LSD-25

Knoll¹,

Vízi²

1970

Pharmacology

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“…Euphoria is not a consistent feature of the psychedelic experience, tolerance develops quickly and completely and there is no known withdrawal syndrome (Buckholtz et al, 1985;Cholden et al, 1955;Isbell et al, 1956). Psychological dependence appears to be rare, however research in this area is limited (Blacker et al, 1968).…”

Section: Dependence and Diversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatry & the psychedelic drugs. Past, present & future

2018

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a b s t r a c tThe classical psychedelic drugs, including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide and mescaline, were used extensively in psychiatry before they were placed in Schedule I of the UN Convention on Drugs in 1967. Experimentation and clinical trials undertaken prior to legal sanction suggest that they are not helpful for those with established psychotic disorders and should be avoided in those liable to develop them. However, those with so-called 'psychoneurotic' disorders sometimes benefited considerably from their tendency to 'loosen' otherwise fixed, maladaptive patterns of cognition and behaviour, particularly when given in a supportive, therapeutic setting. Pre-prohibition studies in this area were sub-optimal, although a recent systematic review in unipolar mood disorder and a meta-analysis in alcoholism have both suggested efficacy. The incidence of serious adverse events appears to be low. Since 2006, there have been several pilot trials and randomised controlled trials using psychedelics (mostly psilocybin) in various non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. These have provided encouraging results that provide initial evidence of safety and efficacy, however the regulatory and legal hurdles to licensing psychedelics as medicines are formidable. This paper summarises clinical trials using psychedelics pre and post prohibition, discusses the methodological challenges of performing good quality trials in this area and considers a strategic approach to the legal and regulatory barriers to licensing psychedelics as a treatment in mainstream psychiatry.

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Clinical Reactions and Tolerance to LSD in Chronic Schizophrenia

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Psychedelics

Psychedelics

Cross-tolerance Between Para-bromo-methamphetamine (V-111) and LSD-25

Psychiatry & the psychedelic drugs. Past, present & future

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