Clinical, Radiographic and Pathohistological Outcomes of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Ceramics and Dental Implants in Atrophic Posterior Maxilla

Abstract

Clinical, Radiographic and Pathohistological Outcomes of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Ceramics and Dental Implants in Atrophic Posterior Maxilla Introduction. Implant based prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with atrophic edentulous posterior maxilla has necessity in reinforcement of alveolar bone using different bone substitutes. It is important to evaluate late outcomes in integration of synthetic HAp as biomaterial in chemical composition close to main natural bone mineral component in elevated maxillary sinus floor and osseointegration of dental implants. Aim of the study. To evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of one stage maxillary sinus floor augmentation with synthetic HAp granules and dental implant insertion, mineralization degree of residual bone and augmented sinus part, morphological analysis of biopsies from HAp/host tissue hybrid and residual alveolar bone was performed. Materials and methods. One stage maxillary sinus floor elevation with synthetic HAp granules and 147 SEMADOS (BEGO) dental implant insertions in 70 patients were included in this study. Clinical and radiograph analyzes by dental X-rays, digital orthopantomogramms, quantitative radiodensitometry after 3 and 5 years was done. Trephine biopsies of residual alveolar bone and elevated part of maxillary sinus 6 months after implantation was done in 30 cases. Results. During this period 6 implants (4.2%) were lost. We found the decrease of radiodensity in HAp augmentated maxillary sinus area and increase of radiodensity in the area of residual alveolar bone. In biopsies after 6 months biomaterial/host tissue hybrid consisted of small bone trabecules, fibrous tissue and granules of irregular shape without inflammatory cells. Slow degradation of HAp granules by activity of osteoclast like macrophages was observed. Conclusions. Osseointegration was lost in 4.2% of inserted in augmented maxillary sinus implants. Radiodensitometry showed decrease of optical density in augmented sinus part and increase in residual alveolar bone. In biopsies of host tissue/biomaterial hybrid was bone newformation, connective tissue and biodegradation of HAp granules by osteoclast like cells.

Radiological Evaluation of Endodontic Treatment of Chronic Apical Periodontitis using Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Biomaterial

“…Synthetic biomaterials based on biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramics appeared in the market relatively recent. They are used in sinus lifting operations, in implantology, and in bone fractures and osteomyelitis repair [7][8][9]. Being biocompatible and sterile, they are completely devoid of antigenic properties, as well as threats of infection of the patient with dangerous infectious diseases.…”

Infusion of Ag‐Ion from Aqueous Solution into Solid Calcium Phosphate of Hydroxyapatite (HA) Crystal Structure

“…Synthetic HA has an ability to form strong chemical bonds with the living hard tissue and has found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery systems. It has been applied as a filler of bone defects, as a material for bone augmentation, and as a coating on implants made of Ti used in prosthesis surgery . Synthetic nonstoichiometric as well as natural biological apatites—constituents of bones and teeth—are characterized by hexagonal crystal structure in which substitutions of Ca and PO 4 3− in cationic and anionic sublattices by ions of foreign elements such as Sr, Mg, Pb, Zn, Na, K, and CO 3 2− are quite common .…”

Effect of calcination conditions of pork bone sludge on behaviour of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid

“…The subject of developing new biologically relevant materials useful for dentistry and skeletal tissue reconstruction on surgically operated patients have received a great deal of attention. Most of the materials are based on synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) and related calcium phosphates (Jarcho 1981;De Groot 1983;Hulbert 1990;Nishihara and Akagawa 1990;LeGeros 1991;Świȩciki 1992;Knychalska-Karwan andŚlósarczyk 1994;LeGeros et al 1995a,b;Knychalska-Karwan et al 1998;Ducheyne and Qiu 1999;Benhayoune et al 2000;Orlovskii et al 2002;Li et al 2002;Raynaud et al 2002;Pena and Vallet-Regi 2003;Hing 2004;Hsu et al 2005;Li et al 2007;Sopyan et al 2007;Fathi et al 2008;Daculsi et al 2008;Brandt et al 2008;Salms et al 2009;Funayama et al 2009). Synthetic HAp-calcium phosphate of chemical and crystallographic similarity with mineral component of natural bone have an ability to form strong chemical bonds with the living hard tissue (Jarcho 1981;Nishihara and Akagawa 1990;Knychalska-Karwan et al 1998;Ducheyne and Qiu 1999;Benhayoune et al 2000;Fathi * Author for correspondence (asobczak@chemia.pk.edu.pl) et al 2008; Salms et al 2009;Funayama et al 2009).…”