Clinical Profile of Thyroid Disorders – A retrospective study at BPKIHS

Abstract

Background: The thyroid gland produces two key metabolic hormones which regulate metabolic rate, growth and development. They play vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones. People suffering from thyroid disorders may have autoimmune disease, ranging from primary hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, to hyperthyroidism caused by Graves’ disease.
 Objectives: To study clinical profile of thyroid disorders in endocrinology clinic of BPKIHS, Nepal.
 Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective study of past five years (2012 – 2017) done in department of internal medicine at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, in which thyroid disorder patient records from the endocrinology clinic will be compiled together will be analyzed after classifying them according to the guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA). Results: Among 584 thyroid disorder cases that were sampled, higher prevalence of thyroid disorders was seen in females, and the Male: Female ratio was 1:4.13. Most common type of thyroid disorder was Hypothyroidism (29.6%) followed by Subclinical hypothyroidism (28.3%).
 Conclusions: Thyroid disorders are more common in females than males and hypothyroidism being commonest thyroid disorder in our setup. Subclinical hypothyroidism is second commonest followed by hyperthyroidism. In Subclinical hypothyroidism Anti TPO antibody is most commonly found to be positive.

Spectrum and Prevalence of Thyroid Diseases at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Retrospective Study of 976 Cases

“…Thyroid disorder is the most common disease of the endocrine system which is increasing predominantly among females in the world [ 18 ]. Our study also showed that the mean age is 47 years, in line with studies in Ghana (43 years), Nigeria (42 years), Nepal (39 years), and Yemen (37 years) [ 4 , 6 , 19 ], and the most age group of our study was 31–50, while in Nepal, it was 31–45 years [ 6 ].…”

“…The current study showed the association between the gender and type of thyroid disease; the euthyroid sick syndrome was common in males (68.8%), which was similar to the study conducted by Agrawal et al in Nepal that reported a prevalence of 73.9% [ 6 ]. However, subclinical hyperthyroidism (6.3%), hyperthyroidism (9.6%), hypothyroidism (16.4%), and subclinical hypothyroidism (13.9%) were more common in females than in males.…”

“…The second most common thyroid disease was primary hypothyroidism (15.4%), followed by subclinical hypothyroidism (12.5%), which was similar but more than the percentage found in a Nepal study that showed hypothyroidism was 29.6% and subclinical hypothyroidism was 28.3% [ 6 ]. Okpara et al reported a higher frequency of primary hypothyroidism (4.9%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (6.3%) [ 15 ].…”

“…Our study also showed that hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism were 7.6% and 5.7%, respectively. Similarly, Okpara et al reported a prevalence of 13.7% and 4.9% in hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism, and Agrawal et al also reported 13.7% and 3.3 [ 6 , 15 ]. Initiating programs such as the provision of enriching foods with iodine, prenatal Fe, and iodine vitamin supplements, raising public awareness of the disease either through mass media (TV, radio, and social media) or through posters in healthcare centers, and providing nutrition counseling and initiating plans of action to increase health literacy in the society are necessary for the prevention of thyroid disease in the early stages.…”

“…Iodine is a trace element in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and the thyroid gland secretes two metabolic hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), regulating metabolic rate, growth, and development [ 5 , 6 ]. These hormones produced by the thyroid gland are imbalanced in the regulation which can cause many disorders including hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and secondary hypothyroidism [ 6 , 7 ].…”