Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in the First and Second Waves in Saudi Arabia

AlBahrani, Salma; Ahmadi, Nayef Al; Hamdan, Safa; Elsheikh, Noura; Osman, Assim; Almuthen, Sharifah; Almajed, Ghadeer N; Alkhuraim, Arwa H; Jebakumar, Arulanantham Zechariah; Al‐Tawfiq, Jaffar A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.048

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…In a bivariate analysis, the following parameters were significantly associated with admission to the hospital: hypertension, fever, sore throat and headache. A previous study from Saudi Arabia showed that cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus were present in the first and second wave and the commonest symptoms were cough, fever and shortness of breath [3] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common underlying comorbidities in the third wave were diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In one study comparing the 2 waves in KSA, the most underlying comorbidities in hospitalized were Diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease and heart failure [3] . The most important feature to the Omicron wave was the significantly lower hospitalization rate compared to prior waves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the first case of COVID-19 was reported in March 2020 [2] . The first wave in the country began in early March 2020 till the end of December and the second wave began on the 6 th January 2021 [3] . As part of the strategy to limit the pandemic, KSA applied multiple steps including vaccination to decrease the spread of the disease [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies from KSA described the epidemiology, clinical features, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and therapy of COVID-19 patients mainly during the first wave of the pandemic [3] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] . However, we are not aware of any previous studies from KSA about the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 during the Omicron wave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 vaccine had a significant positive impact on patients with SARS-COV-2 during the third (Omicron) wave in Saudi Arabia

AlBahrani¹,

Albarrak²,

Al-Musawi³

et al. 2022

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

COVID-19 vaccine had a significant positive impact on patients with SARS-COV-2 during the third (Omicron) wave in Saudi Arabia

AlBahrani¹,

Albarrak²,

Al-Musawi³

et al. 2022

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Self Cite

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“…There are many studies showing the risk of increased disease severity such as: age, body mass index (BMI), underlying medical diseases, clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory data [ 5 , 6 ]. In addition to comparisons between different pandemic waves in the country [ 7 ], there is an interest to investigate the association of initial and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 viral quantity as extrapolated from viral cycle threshold (Ct) values with clinical signs and symptoms as well as the need for hospital admission and possible death or recovery. A previous study showed no difference in the viral load kinetics among patients with different severity of COVID-19 [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial viral cycle threshold values in patients with COVID-19 and their clinical significance

et al. 2022

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Background The connection between initial viral cycle threshold (Ct) values of the SARS-CoV-2 with symptoms and hospital course is not clearly studied. Methods This is a retrospective study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from Jun 1st 2020 to March 30th, 2021 examining the relationship between initial viral cycle threshold (Ct) values of SARS-CoV-2 as obtained from nasopharyngeal samples. The clinical presentations and outcomes were analyzed in relation to the initial Ct values. Results The study included 202 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a mean age (± SD) of 54.75 (± 15.93) and 123 (60.9%) males and 79 (39.1%) females. Of all the patients, the most frequent comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (95; 47%) and the most frequent symptoms were fever (148; 73.3%) and cough (141; 69.8%). There was no significant difference in relation to underlying conditions, clinical presentation, radiographic and laboratory data among those with low, medium and high Ct values. The mean Ct values showed no statistical change over the 10-month study period. Conclusions Initial SARS-CoV-2 Ct values did not show any association with clinical symptoms and did not predict the need for mechanical intubation or death.

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Dynamic Patterns and Predominance of Respiratory Pathogens Post-COVID-19: Insights from a Two-Year Analysis

AlBahrani,

AlZahrani,

Al-Maqati

et al. 2024

J Epidemiol Glob Health

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Introduction Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) stand out as the most frequent causes leading to visits to the emergency department and hospitalizations. This study aims to assess the types and prevalence of respiratory infections across two years following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Patients presenting with an influenza-like illness (ILI) were tested using multiplex RT-PCR (QIAstat-Dx, Qiagen). The multiplexed RT- PCR test detects 21 respiratory viruses and bacteria. Results During the study period, PCR test was done on a total of 1,790 samples were tested, and 712 (40%) were positive for a total of 796 pathogens. The mean age (± SD) of the participants was 20.1 ± 28.4 years in 2022 and 21.9 ± 27.6 years in 2023. Among the detected pathogens, the most prevalent were Rhinovirus/Enterovirus 222 (12.4%), followed by RSV A&B (103 cases, 5.7%), and H1N1 Influenza (77 cases, 4.3%). Additionally, Influenza A/B constituted 172 (9.6%) while parainfluenza constituted (58, 3.2%). SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 3.97% of the samples. Over the two-year period, the monthly pattern of the identified pathogens exhibited fluctuations in the prevalence. Furthermore, variations were observed in the detected pathogens across different age groups. Conclusion In addition to adding significant knowledge to the field of respiratory viral infections, this study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research and surveillance for the detection and characterization of respiratory viruses, particularly those with the potential for emergence. Such studies would also require setting up a strategy for genotyping and/or sequencing of viruses.

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Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in the First and Second Waves in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

COVID-19 vaccine had a significant positive impact on patients with SARS-COV-2 during the third (Omicron) wave in Saudi Arabia

COVID-19 vaccine had a significant positive impact on patients with SARS-COV-2 during the third (Omicron) wave in Saudi Arabia

Initial viral cycle threshold values in patients with COVID-19 and their clinical significance

Dynamic Patterns and Predominance of Respiratory Pathogens Post-COVID-19: Insights from a Two-Year Analysis

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