Clinical practice guidelines for assessment and management of patients with substance intoxication presenting to the emergency department

Sarkar, Siddharth; Bhatia, Gayatri; Dhawan, Anju

doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_490_22

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Rarely, antipsychotics or restraints are required when the patient poses a significant risk to themselves or others. 106 107 Phencyclidine (a.k.a. PCP or “angel dust”) and ketamine are dissociative anesthetics with hallucinogenic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Effects of Stimulants and Hallucinogens

Hass,

Stitt

2024

Semin Neurol

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In this article, we will discuss the history, pharmacodynamics, and neurotoxicity of psychostimulants and hallucinogens. The drugs discussed are widely used and have characteristic toxidromes and potential for neurological injuries with which the practicing clinician should be familiar. Psychostimulants are a class of drugs that includes cocaine, methamphetamine/amphetamines, and cathinones, among others, which produce a crescendoing euphoric high. Seizures, ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, rhabdomyolysis, and a variety of movement disorders are commonly encountered in this class. Hallucinogens encompass a broad class of drugs, in which the user experiences hallucinations, altered sensorium, distorted perception, and cognitive dysfunction. The experience can be unpredictable and dysphoric, creating a profound sense of anxiety and panic in some cases. Recognizing the associated neurotoxicities and understanding the appropriate management is critical in caring for these patient populations. Several of these agents are not detectable by standard clinical laboratory analysis, making identification and diagnosis an even greater challenge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Effects of Stimulants and Hallucinogens

Hass,

Stitt

2024

Semin Neurol

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“…For instance, opioids, alcohol, and stimulants can depress respiratory function, potentially causing respiratory failure or overdose. Chronic use of these substances can harm vital organs such as the liver, heart, and brain, increasing the risk of organ failure and mortality [5,6]. Additionally, psychoactive substances can alter brain function and neurotransmitter systems, resulting in changes in mood, behavior, and cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Trends and Factors Associated With Mortality Rate in Psychoactive Substance Use-Related Mental and Behavioral Disorders: A CDC-WONDER Database Analysis

Okobi,

Akueme,

Ugwu

et al. 2023

Cureus

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BackgroundThe persisting challenge of substance use disorder's impact on society prompts the need for insights into its mortality trends. This study examines epidemiological patterns and factors tied to mortality rates in individuals with psychoactive substance-related mental and behavioral disorders from 1999 to 2020. MethodologyThis study used a retrospective observational design. The study analyzed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database information, encompassing mortality and population-based data. Data extraction focused on specific criteria such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geographic location. Descriptive statistics were employed to depict the study population and reveal epidemiological trends. ConclusionsBetween 1999 and 2020, the study explored mortality rates in individuals with psychoactive substance userelated mental and behavioral disorders. This analysis revealed variations in mortality across genders, ages (with the 55-64 age group facing higher risks compared to the 25-34 age group), and ethnicities. Notably, males exhibited higher mortality than females. Additionally, divergent rates were observed among different geographic regions. These insights can inform public health initiatives and support the development of targeted strategies to reduce mortality rates and improve the well-being of affected individuals.

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