Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: 2012 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Shulman, Stanford T.; Bisno, Alan L.; Clegg, Herbert W.; Gerber, Michael A.; Kaplan, Edward L.; Lee, Grace; Martin, Judith M.; Beneden, Chris Van; Lurie, Robert H.

doi:10.1093/cid/cis629

Cited by 801 publications

(959 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Amongst the human isolates, 54 were collected from the throats of carriers, and the remaining 50 were obtained from symptomatic oropharynx infections (n526), wound secretions (n54), undetermined infection sites (n53), blood (n53), tracheal secretions (n51), abscess drainage (n51) and vaginal secretions (n51); the clinical origin (colonization or infection) of an additional 11 isolates was unknown. The detection of anti-streptococcal antibody titres is not recommended in the routine diagnosis of acute pharyngitis, as they reflect past but not current events (Shulman et al, 2012), and therefore the criteria used to judge these SDSE infections was the isolation of SDSE as the only bacterial pathogen in blood cultures of symptomatic patients. However, this criteria does not rule out the presumption that some of these SDSE isolates were merely colonizers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in south-east Brazil: genetic diversity, resistance profile and the first report of human and equine isolates belonging to the same multilocus sequence typing lineage

Silva

Genteluci

Mattos

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in south-east Brazil: genetic diversity, resistance profile and the first report of human and equine isolates belonging to the same multilocus sequence typing lineage Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Gó es, RJ, Brazil Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) isolates are the most common group C streptococci in humans and reports of invasive infections associated with SDSE have been increasing. Molecular epidemiology studies are an important strategy to trace the emergence and spread of possible well-fit bacterial pathogens of humans and animals. In this work, we analysed the antimicrobial and clonal profiles of 115 SDSE infection and colonization isolates of human and equine origin. PFGE revealed the spread of two main clusters: clone A (57.4 %) and clone A (26.1 %). Remarkably, two isolates from clone B obtained from human colonization cases displayed identical PFGE patterns to those of three equine infection isolates. In addition, multilocus sequence typing allocated these isolates to ST129 (CC31). All of the SDSE isolates were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Tetracycline and erythromycin resistance rates were 65.2 and 13.9 % respectively. Nevertheless, none of the isolates displaying sporadic PFGE patterns showed erythromycin resistance. The majority of erythromycin-resistant isolates from clone A had inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamines and streptogramins B (iMLS B phenotype), which is associated with the presence of the ermA gene, whereas the resistant isolates from clone B showed the M phenotype, associated with the mefA gene. In conclusion, the data indicated that the analysed collection of SDSE isolates displayed a clonal structure and that the isolates found in human colonization cases could also be involved in equine infections. INTRODUCTIONStreptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) has increasingly been recognized as the aetiological agent of several human invasive infections worldwide (Bruun et al., 2013;Sunaoshi et al., 2010;Takahashi et al., 2010Takahashi et al., , 2011Tsai et al., 2014). SDSE isolates are frequently classified as Lancefield group C or G. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that several commonly found group A streptococci virulence factors have also been detected in SDSE isolates, including C5a peptidase, M protein, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hyaluronidase, streptokinase, streptolysin O and streptolysin S, amongst others (Reissmann et al., 2012;Sunaoshi et al., 2010;Suzuki et al., 2011;Watanabe et al., 2013). Consequently, human infections related to SDSE resemble those associated with group A streptococci . These infections include pharyngitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia, bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome, cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis (Brandt & Spellerberg, 2009). Similar to group A streptococci, SDSE has also been linked to post-...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in south-east Brazil: genetic diversity, resistance profile and the first report of human and equine isolates belonging to the same multilocus sequence typing lineage

Silva

Genteluci

Mattos

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…4 Thus, some expert guidelines recommend microbiologic testing. 5 However, given the rarity of complications such as rheumatic fever in high-resource countries, the delay in obtaining throat culture results, an the large number of negative tests, physicians have frequently used a selective strategy of testing in some cases and starting antibiotic therapy before test results are received in others. 1 Clinical prediction rules have been developed to help clinicians predict the likelihood of streptococcal infection more accurately, and to guide selective treatment decisions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identifying and treating group A streptococcal pharyngitis in children

Bitnun

McIsaac

2014

CMAJ

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“…Fizik muayenede eksudatif farenjit, büyümüş ağrılı servikal lenfadenopati, palatal peteşi ve kızıl benzeri döküntü görülebilir. Semptomlar genellikle 3-5 gün içerisinde spontan olarak iyileşir (2).…”

Section: Akut Tonsillofarenjitunclassified

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

Koturoğlu¹

2015

jpr

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GirişÇocukluk çağında en sık görülen enfeksiyonlardan olan üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonları; nazofarenjit, viral veya bakteriyel tonsillofarenjit, akut otitis media, akut rinosinüzit ve krup olmak üzere alt başlıklar altında incelenir. NazofarenjitBoğaz ağrısı, öksürük, ateş, hapşırık, nasal konjesyon, burun akıntısı ve baş ağrısı ile karekterize kendi kendini sınırlayan bir klinik durumdur. En sık görülen etkenler rinoviruslar, RSV, parainfluenza virus ve coronavirus'dur. Sıklıkla sonbahar ve kış aylarında görülür. Altı yaşın altındaki çocuklarda yılda 6-8 kez soğuk algınlığı görülebilir ve genellikle semptomların süresi 14 gündür. Daha büyük çocuklarda ise yılda 2-4 atak görülür, semptomların süresi 5-7 gündür (1). Tedavide serum fizyolojikle burnun yıkanması ve biriken sekresyonların temizlenmesi yeterlidir. Soğuk algınlığı sonrası gelişebilen en önemli komplikasyonlar: Akut otitis media, akut bakteriyel sinüzit ve alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarıdır. Akut TonsillofarenjitTonsillerin ve farenksin akut enfeksiyonudur. Tonsillofarenjitin en sık etkeni virüslerdir. Patojenlerin sıklığı çocuğun yaşına, mevsimsel özelliklere ve coğrafik alanlara bağlı olarak değişmektedir.Üç yaş altındaki çocuklarda sıklıkla viral tonsillofarenjit görülür. Olgularda birkaç gündür devam eden subfebril ateş, burun akıntısı, göz yaşarması gibi prodromal döneme ait bulgular vardır.Çocuk ve adölesanlardaki bakteriyel tonsillofarenjitin en önemli etkeni Streptococcus pyogenes'dir (grup A streptococcus, GAS). Beş-15 yaş arasındaki tonsillofarenjitli olguların %15-30'unda etkendir. Özellikle kış ve bahar

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Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: 2012 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Cited by 801 publications

References 122 publications

Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in south-east Brazil: genetic diversity, resistance profile and the first report of human and equine isolates belonging to the same multilocus sequence typing lineage

Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in south-east Brazil: genetic diversity, resistance profile and the first report of human and equine isolates belonging to the same multilocus sequence typing lineage

Identifying and treating group A streptococcal pharyngitis in children

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

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