Clinical practice

Abstract

Pathologies in both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems frequently coexist and impact on each other. This manuscript introduces an approach to the interpretation of this complex relationship. Pulmonary hypertension can be a significant consequence of many respiratory diseases. This in turn can lead to right ventricular dysfunction and cor pulmonale. Many childhood illnesses can result in cor pulmonale and can be conveniently grouped into three categories: idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, neonatal lung diseases, and lung disease beyond the neonatal period. When considering the impact of cardiac disease on the lung, one must consider two main pathologies: compression of the pediatric airway and increased lung water. In conclusion, thorough attention must be given to the interpretation of the complex relationship between cardiac and respiratory diseases. Pulmonary hypertension is a complication to consider in respiratory illness at all ages. In addition, when dealing with the complexities of congenital heart disease, one must always be aware of the risks of pulmonary complications whether parenchymal or airway. Ongoing improvements in ventilation strategies, vasodilator therapy, and surgical interventions continue to improve the outlook for these complex cases.

Exercise Testing and Prescription in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease

“…Pulmonary function may play an additional role in exercise limitations in some CHD patients [44]. Reductions in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and 1-minute ventilatory volume have all been found in adults with CHD [45].…”

Evaluation of the left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic function in asthmatic children

“…The level of RV diastolic dysfunction depends on the degree of RV hypertrophy and total pulmonary resistance. Interaction between the RV and LV related to increased LV afterload and decreased LV preload, and thus LV dysfunction [ 6 ]. There are important limitations to determining RV function by conventional echocardiography [ 7 ].…”

Metabolic myocardial disorders in children with bronchial asthma

“…According to the study by F. Healy et al [19] an increase in the level of cardiospecific enzymes is observed for 2-3 weeks previously observed on ECG signs of violation of repolarization and depolarization, which can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic criterion of severity of asthma, as well as adequacy of medical therapy as the main disease and detected violations of the cardiovascular system.…”