Clinical Pattern Characterization of Cattle Naturally Infected by BTV-8

Zanella, Gina; Martinelle, Ludovic; Guyot, Hugues; Mauroy, Axel; Clercq, Kris De; Saegerman, Claude

doi:10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01334.x

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The consequence of this process is a set of fairly reliable estimates of the independent predictive accuracy of the tree, even when some of the data for independent variables are incomplete and/or comparatively small. Further details about CART are presented in previously published articles (e.g.,[84–87][88]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and bee age impact honey bee pathophysiology

vanEngelsdorp

Traynor

Andree³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies continue to experience high annual losses that remain poorly explained. Numerous interacting factors have been linked to colony declines. Understanding the pathways linking pathophysiology with symptoms is an important step in understanding the mechanisms of disease. In this study we examined the specific pathologies associated with honey bees collected from colonies suffering from Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and compared these with bees collected from apparently healthy colonies. We identified a set of pathological physical characteristics that occurred at different rates in CCD diagnosed colonies prior to their collapse: rectum distension, Malpighian tubule iridescence, fecal matter consistency, rectal enteroliths (hard concretions), and venom sac color. The multiple differences in rectum symptomology in bees from CCD apiaries and colonies suggest effected bees had trouble regulating water. To ensure that pathologies we found associated with CCD were indeed pathologies and not due to normal changes in physical appearances that occur as an adult bee ages (CCD colonies are assumed to be composed mostly of young bees), we documented the changes in bees of different ages taken from healthy colonies. We found that young bees had much greater incidences of white nodules than older cohorts. Prevalent in newly-emerged bees, these white nodules or cellular encapsulations indicate an active immune response. Comparing the two sets of characteristics, we determined a subset of pathologies that reliably predict CCD status rather than bee age (fecal matter consistency, rectal distension size, rectal enteroliths and Malpighian tubule iridescence) and that may serve as biomarkers for colony health. In addition, these pathologies suggest that CCD bees are experiencing disrupted excretory physiology. Our identification of these symptoms is an important first step in understanding the physiological pathways that underlie CCD and factors impacting bee health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and bee age impact honey bee pathophysiology

vanEngelsdorp

Traynor

Andree³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Importantly however, anecdotal observation suggested that changes had occurred in the epidemiology of the re‐emerging strain. Whereas the 2007–2009 BTV‐8 strain caused widespread clinical signs in cattle and sheep (Elbers, Spek, & Rijn, ; Zanella et al., ), the re‐emerging BTV‐8 strain has thus far only caused mild clinical illness (Sailleau et al., ). In addition, the rate of spread of the virus in France appeared slower than the original BTV‐8 strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of reduced viremia, pathogenicity and vector competence in a re‐emerging European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep

Flannery

Sanz-Bernardo

Ashby

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Summary The outbreak of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 8 (BTV‐8) during 2006–2009 in Europe was the most costly epidemic of the virus in recorded history. In 2015, a BTV‐8 strain re‐emerged in France which has continued to circulate since then. To examine anecdotal reports of reduced pathogenicity and transmission efficiency, we investigated the infection kinetics of a 2007 UK BTV‐8 strain alongside the re‐emerging BTV‐8 strain isolated from France in 2017. Two groups of eight BTV‐naïve British mule sheep were inoculated with 5.75 log 10 TCID 50 /ml of either BTV‐8 strain. BTV RNA was detected by 2 dpi in both groups with peak viraemia occurring between 5–9 dpi. A significantly greater amount of BTV RNA was detected in sheep infected with the 2007 strain (6.0–8.8 log 10 genome copies/ml) than the re‐emerging BTV‐8 strain (2.9–7.9 log 10 genome copies/ml). All infected sheep developed BTV‐specific antibodies by 9 dpi. BTV was isolated from 2 dpi to 12 dpi for 2007 BTV‐8‐inoculated sheep and from 5 to 10 dpi for sheep inoculated with the remerging BTV‐8. In Culicoides sonorensis feeding on the sheep over the period 7–12 dpi, vector competence was significantly higher for the 2007 strain than the re‐emerging strain. Both the proportion of animals showing moderate (as opposed to mild or no) clinical disease (6/8 vs. 1/8) and the overall clinical scores (median 5.25 vs. 3) were significantly higher in sheep infected with the 2007 strain, compared to those infected with the re‐emerging strain. However, one sheep infected with the re‐emerging strain was euthanized at 16 dpi having developed severe lameness. This highlights the potential of the re‐emerging BTV‐8 to still cause illness in naïve ruminants with concurrent costs to the livestock industry.

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“…Prior to 2006, severe disease was thought to be restricted to certain breeds of sheep and some species of deer, while other ruminants were considered mostly subclinically infected (Mellor & Boorman, ; Purse et al., ). Yet, cattle were strongly affected by the 2006/09 BTV‐8 outbreak in Western Europe (Zanella et al., ). BT surveillance and control are critical issues as its detection leads to trade restrictions with considerable economic impacts for exporter countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological status for BTV-8 in French cattle prior to the 2015 re-emergence

Courtejoie

Durand

Bréard

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The animal-level seroprevalence averaged at 44%, with a strong age pattern reflecting the cumulative exposure to both natural infection and to vaccination. A multivariable analysis allowed separating the respective effects of both exposures. A higher proportion of seropositivity risk was attributed to vaccination (67.4%) than to exposure to natural infection (24.2%). The evolution of seroprevalence induced by the two main risk factors in 74 mainland departments was reconstructed between the vaccination ban (2013) and the re-emergence (2015). We showed a striking decrease in seroprevalence with time after the vaccination ban, due to population renewal, which could have facilitated virus transmission leading to the current outbreak situation. K E Y W O R D Sbluetongue, BTV-8, cattle, France, prevalence, re-emergence, serology

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Clinical Pattern Characterization of Cattle Naturally Infected by BTV-8

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and bee age impact honey bee pathophysiology

Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and bee age impact honey bee pathophysiology

Evidence of reduced viremia, pathogenicity and vector competence in a re‐emerging European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep

Serological status for BTV-8 in French cattle prior to the 2015 re-emergence

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