Clinical Pathology

York, Malcolm

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803620-4.00014-1

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…Hematological and clinical chemistry parameters are good indicators in determining toxicity [40]. Blood parameter analysis is appropriate to risk evaluation as the hematological system has a higher prognostic value for toxicity [39,41]. In the present study, almost all hematological parameters did not show significant variation among treated and control groups indicating the possible absence of hematological toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…Food consumption could remain constant but failure to gain weight could be due to experimental stress such as use of oral gavage and/or disturbances from handling [38]. Adjustment to handling or study related procedures is common where pretreatment values differs from post-treatment in control animals [39]. Significant difference observed in relative lung weight between highest doses treated group (600 mg/kg) and control could be attributed to incidental events or some factors related to treatment which the current study could not uncover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute and sub-acute toxicity of Echinops kebericho decoction in rats

Deyno

Abebe

Tola

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Echinops kebericho is widely used for treatment of a variety of diseases including infectious, non-infectious disease and fumigation during child birth. Antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insect repellent activities have been elucidated. Its toxicity profile is not yet investigated and thus this study was to investigate acute and sub-acute toxicity of E. kebericho decoctions. Methods Acute toxicity study was performed in female Wistar albino rats with single oral dose and followed up to 14 days. The sub-acute oral dose toxicity studies were conducted in rats of both sexes in accordance with the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodent OECD guidelines. Physical observations were made regularly during the study period while body weight was measured weekly. Organ weight, histopathology, clinical chemistry and hematology data were collected on the 29th day. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed if assumptions were met; otherwise Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed. Result Oral administration of E. kebericho decoction showed no treatment-related mortality in female rats up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity studies, no significant treatment-related abnormalities were observed compared to negative controls. Food consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology did not show significant variation between controls and treatment groups. However, creatinine, relative lung weight, triglycerides, and monocytes were lower in treated compared to control groups. Significant variations between male and female groups in food consumption, relative organ weight, hematology, clinical chemistry were observed. Histolo-pathology of high-dose treated groups showed fatty liver. Conclusion Echinops kebericho showed LD50 of greater than 5000 mg/kg in acute toxicity study and is well tolerated up to the dose of 600 mg/kg body weight in sub-acute toxicity study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and sub-acute toxicity of Echinops kebericho decoction in rats

Deyno

Abebe

Tola

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…Although our biochemical analyses show that curcumin has returned the alterations induced by the tumor and the hepatectomy to normal values, we cannot ignore the slight elevation of AST and the delay in liver mass recovery found in the curcumin treated animals [ 58 ]. In some cases, these marked increases in AST activity, coupled with a minimal or slight change in ALT activity, as occurred in our study, may indicate that the AST released into the bloodstream arises from non-hepatic sources, such as the skeletal muscle, heart, or kidneys [ 59 ]. Another feasible explanation, stated by Vuppalanchi y Chalasani [ 60 ], is that this is a result of the presence of the macro-AST enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Curcumin Reduces Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration and Slows In Vivo Growth of Liver Metastases in Rats

et al. 2021

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Background: New therapeutic approaches are an essential need for patients suffering from colorectal cancer liver metastases. Curcumin, a well-known plant-derived polyphenol, has been shown to play a role in the modulation of multiple signaling pathways involved in the development and progression of certain cancer cells in vitro. This study aims to assess the anti-tumor effect of curcumin on CC531 colorectal cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: On CC531 cultures, the cell viability and cell migration capacity were analyzed (wound healing test) 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment with curcumin (15, 20, 25, or 30 µM). Additionally, in WAG/RijHsd tumor-bearing rats, the total and individual liver lobe tumor volume was quantified in untreated and curcumin-treated animals (200 mg/kg/day, oral). Furthermore, serum enzyme measurements (GOT, GPT, glucose, bilirubin, etc.) were carried out to assess the possible effects on the liver function. Results: In vitro studies showed curcumin’s greatest effects 48h after application, when all of the tested doses reduced cell proliferation by more than 30%. At 72 h, the highest doses of curcumin (25 and 30 µM) reduced cell viability to less than 50%. The wound healing test also showed that curcumin inhibits migration capacity. In vivo, curcumin slowed down the tumor volume of liver implants by 5.6-fold (7.98 ± 1.45 vs. 1.41 ± 1.33; p > 0.0001). Conclusions: Curcumin has shown an anti-tumor effect against liver implants from colorectal cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, in this experimental model.

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“…A study conducted by Kwoji et al highlighted the complexity of the interactions between various multi-species probiotics and their effects on human health, inhibition of pathogens, and treatment of disease ( 66 ). While L. acidophilus alone yields a significant reduction in several hepatic biomarkers due to decreased cellular injury and apoptosis, consequently leading to mitigation of the release of these intracellular enzymes ( 67 ), its administration with other species may not produce such effects and may require further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation modulate the gut-liver axis in type 2 diabetes? A narrative and systematic review of clinical trials

et al. 2022

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BackgroundType 2 diabetes, one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, is a metabolic disorder that results in failed homeostatic control in several body systems, including hepatic function. Due to the gut microbiome’s potential role in diabetes’ pathogenesis, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been proposed as complimentary therapeutic approaches aimed at microbiota readjustment.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library examining the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hepatic biomarkers in patients with diabetes.ResultsFrom 9,502 search hits, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. A total of 816 participants (460 intervention and 356 control) were investigated for the effects of nine different hepatic biomarker measurements including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, bilirubin, liver steatosis, liver stiffness, fatty liver index, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Of the 13 intervention groups analyzed from the 10 studies, 3 were prebiotic interventions, 3 were single species probiotic interventions, 3 were multi-species probiotic interventions, and 4 were synbiotic interventions. Nutraceuticals used in these trials included six genera of bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Acetobacter, Lactococcus, and Propionibacterium), five different prebiotic formulations (inulin, inulin and beta carotene, chicory inulin enriched with oligofructose, galacto-oligosaccharides syrup, and powdered cinnamon), or a combination of these to form multi-species probiotics or synbiotics.ConclusionAlthough some studies showed insignificant changes in hepatic biomarkers, generally the results yielded a decrease in liver damage due to reduced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut dysbiosis, and insulin resistance which led to improvements in hepatic biomarker levels.

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Clinical Pathology

Cited by 19 publications

References 198 publications

Acute and sub-acute toxicity of Echinops kebericho decoction in rats

Acute and sub-acute toxicity of Echinops kebericho decoction in rats

Curcumin Reduces Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration and Slows In Vivo Growth of Liver Metastases in Rats

Can probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation modulate the gut-liver axis in type 2 diabetes? A narrative and systematic review of clinical trials

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