Clinical Pathology in the Adult Sick Horse

DeNotta, Sally; Divers, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2019.11.004

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A recent study by Jacobsen et al 16 similarly showed that horses diagnosed with concurrent renal and inflammatory disease had higher serum NGAL concentrations than horses suffering from renal disease without inflammation. The NGAL response during different conditions is not yet fully understood in horses, but it may be presumed that prerenal azotaemia, renal ischaemia and/or renal injury developing secondary to shock, hypovolaemia, and dehydration accompanying severe gastrointestinal disorders in horses 46–48 will cause further increases in inflammation‐induced NGAL concentrations. To prevent such influence, horses included in the current study were excluded if renal problems were suspected based on clinical and clinicopathological findings and/or necropsy report, but to fully investigate diagnostic utility, effect of concurrent disease on NGAL concentration must of course be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin are increased in serum and peritoneal fluid from horses with inflammatory abdominal disease and non‐strangulating intestinal infarctions

Winther

Haugaard

Pihl

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is produced in response to inflammation in horses, but it has not yet been investigated as a biomarker in horses with the abdominal disease. Objectives To investigate NGAL in serum and peritoneal fluid in horses with the abdominal disease. Study design Retrospective clinical study. Methods Data from medical records of 270 horses admitted with acute abdominal disease (simple obstructions [n = 43], strangulating obstructions [n = 104], inflammatory abdominal disease [n = 99], non‐strangulating intestinal infarction [NSII, n = 24]) and 9 healthy control horses were reviewed, and serum and peritoneal fluid samples were retrieved from a biobank. NGAL was measured in serum and peritoneal fluid by ELISA. Differences in NGAL concentrations between groups were assessed. Results Healthy horses had low serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of NGAL (median = 21.0 and 9.5 μg/L, respectively). Neither serum nor peritoneal fluid NGAL concentrations (median serum, peritoneal fluid) differed between healthy horses and horses with simple (28.1 μg/L, 13.0 μg/L) and strangulating intestinal obstructions (34.7 μg/L, 38.4 μg/L). Horses with NSII (308.0 μg/L, 2163.0 μg/L) and inflammatory abdominal disease (171.1 μg/L, 314.1 μg/L) had higher serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of NGAL than the other groups (p < 0.001). Peritoneal fluid NGAL concentrations in horses with NSII were higher than in horses with inflammatory abdominal disease (p = 0.03). Main limitations Retrospective study design; small group of control horses. Conclusions NGAL is a marker of inflammation in horses with the abdominal disease. The high peritoneal fluid concentration of NGAL in horses with NSII compared to all other groups may render NGAL useful for identifying this condition, which is otherwise difficult to differentiate from other types of peritonitis. Thereby, NGAL may potentially facilitate timely surgical intervention in this group of patients. The results of this study must be evaluated in larger, and preferably prospective, studies to obtain a more comprehensive evaluation of the diagnostic utility of NGAL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin are increased in serum and peritoneal fluid from horses with inflammatory abdominal disease and non‐strangulating intestinal infarctions

Winther

Haugaard

Pihl

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Activity of hepatic parameters is a health state monitoring factor in all organisms. Increased activity of AST is usually a result of muscle or liver diseases [ 20 ]. In the cases, GGT activity is usually increased only mildly [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in haematological and biochemical parameters in blood serum of horses during exposition to workload stress

Massányi

Mlyneková

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…Hypertriglyceridemia and hyperbilirubinemia were identified in all horses by the end of the study, coinciding with hyporexia and poor fecal output. Increased circulating lipids reflect increased mobilization of fat stores as well as decreased clearance or metabolism of lipids by the liver 19 , which can develop in horses with a negative energy balance and is a possible explanation of this finding in our hyporexic horses. A previous study described 13 horses diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, all of which had severe hypertriglyceridemia on serum biochemical profiles 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of multiple‐day oral dosing of mycophenolate mofetil in healthy horses

Bello

Lorch

Kim

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundAdditional efficacious immunomodulatory treatment is needed for the management of immune‐mediated disease in horses. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive drug that warrants assessment as a viable therapeutic agent for horses.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of multiple‐day oral dosing of MMF in healthy horses and to determine the tolerability of this dosing regimen.AnimalsSix healthy Standardbred mares.MethodsHorses received MMF 10 mg/kg PO q12h for 7 days in the fed state. Serial sampling was performed over 12 hours on Days 1 and 7 with trough samples collected every 24 hours, immediately before morning drug administration. Noncompartmental PK analyses were performed to determine primary PK parameters, followed by calculation of geometric means and coefficients of variation. A CBC, serum biochemical profile, physical examination, and fecal scoring were used to assess dose tolerability.ResultsSeven days of treatment resulted in a mycophenolic acid (MPA) area under the curve (AUC0‐12) of 12 594 h × ng/mL (8567‐19 488 h × ng/mL) and terminal half‐life (T1/2) of 11.3 hours (7.5‐15.9 hours), yielding minor metabolite accumulation in all horses treated. Salmonellosis was detected in the feces of 2 horses by Day 7, and all horses developed myelosuppression, hyperbilirubinemia, hyporexia, decreased gastrointestinal motility, and decreased fecal output by the seventh day of treatment.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceAdministration of MMF at 10 mg/kg PO q12h resulted in hematologic and clinical toxicity within 1 week of treatment. A decreased MMF dose, frequency, or both is needed to avoid colic. Drug monitoring should include frequent hemograms, serum biochemical profiles, and strict biosecurity protocols.

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Clinical Pathology in the Adult Sick Horse

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin are increased in serum and peritoneal fluid from horses with inflammatory abdominal disease and non‐strangulating intestinal infarctions

Concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin are increased in serum and peritoneal fluid from horses with inflammatory abdominal disease and non‐strangulating intestinal infarctions

Changes in haematological and biochemical parameters in blood serum of horses during exposition to workload stress

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of multiple‐day oral dosing of mycophenolate mofetil in healthy horses

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