Clinical Parameters and Gut Microbiome Changes Before and After Surgery in Thoracic Aortic Dissection in Patients with Gastrointestinal Complications

Zheng, Shuai; Shao, Shu-Lin; Qiao, Zhiyu; Chen, Xue; Piao, Chunmei; Yu, Ying; Gao, Feng; Zhang, Jie; Du, Jie

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15079-0

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Alistipes belongs to the Bacteroidetes and is often found in murine gastrointestinal tract microbiota samples (Lagkouvardos et al, 2016). Alistipes have recently been found to be increased in abundance in patients with gastrointestinal complications after thoracic aortic dissection surgery (Zheng et al, 2017), and are reported to be associated with human colorectal carcinoma (Shi et al, 2017). Alistipes have been shown to induce colitis and tumors in mice (Moschen et al, 2016) and were increased in mice exposed to ethanol (Peterson et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoxetine-induced alteration of murine gut microbial community structure: evidence for a microbial endocrinology-based mechanism of action responsible for fluoxetine-induced side effects

Lyte

Daniels

Schmitz‐Esser

2019

PeerJ

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BackgroundDepression and major depressive disorder affect 25% of the population. First line treatment utilizing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have met with limited success due to well-recognized negative side effects which include weight gain or loss. This inability to control unwanted side effects often result in patients stopping their antidepressant medications. The mechanisms underlying the failure of SSRIs are incompletely understood.MethodsMale CF-1 mice (5 weeks of age, N = 10 per group) were per orally administered fluoxetine (20 mg per kg body weight) or diluent daily for 29 days. During this time fecal specimens were collected at three defined time points (0, 15 and 29 days). At the conclusion of the 29-day dosing regimen, animals were subjected to two behavioral assessments. For bacterial identification of the microbiota, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on 60 fecal specimens (three specimens per mouse time course, N = 20 mice) using Illumina MiSeq. Analysis of community sequence data was done using mothur and LEfSe bioinformatic software packages.ResultsDaily per oral administration of fluoxetine for 29 days to male mice resulted in a significant, time dependent, alteration in microbial communities accompanying changes in body weight. The calculated species richness and diversity indicators of the murine fecal microbial communities were inconsistent and not significantly different between the groups. Among the phylotypes decreased in abundance due to fluoxetine administration were Lactobacillus johnsonii and Bacteroidales S24-7 which belong to phyla associated with regulation of body mass. The observed changes in body weight due to fluoxetine administration mimicked the dramatic shifts in weight gain/loss that has been observed in humans. Further, at the conclusion of the 29-day dosing regimen fluoxetine-dosed animals evidenced a mild anxiogenic-like behavior.DiscussionWe report that the most widely used antidepressant, fluoxetine, which is an SSRI-type drug, results in the selective depletion of gut microbiota, specifically the Lactobacilli which are involved in the regulation of body weight. Concomitantly, fluoxetine administration increases the abundance of phylotypes related to dysbiosis. Since Lactobacilli have been previously shown to possess a known biogenic amine transporter that regulates the uptake of fluoxetine, it is proposed that a microbial endocrinology-based mechanistic pathway is responsible for the ability of SSRIs to selectively negatively impact beneficial microbiota. The results of this study therefore suggest that the negative clinical side effects due to fluoxetine administration may be due to alterations in gut microbiota. Further, the data also suggests that supplementation of bacterial genera directly affected by fluoxetine administration may prove useful in ameliorating some of the well-known side effects of chronic fluoxetine administration such as weight alterations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoxetine-induced alteration of murine gut microbial community structure: evidence for a microbial endocrinology-based mechanism of action responsible for fluoxetine-induced side effects

Lyte

Daniels

Schmitz‐Esser

2019

PeerJ

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“…Administration of the statin group of drugs reduces IL-6 production but increases IL-10 and kynurenine (178). This expected opposite movement of IL-10 and IL-6 has been observed in IDO1-deficient DCs in which there is the anticipated loss of AHR activity and reduced levels of IL-10, but increased IL-6 and TNF-α production (179); conversely both IL-6 and IL-10 were increased after surgery (180). Kynurenine itself suppresses IL-6 release but kynurenic acid has been reported to increase it.…”

Section: Malaria and Trypanosomiasismentioning

confidence: 97%

IDO and Kynurenine Metabolites in Peripheral and CNS Disorders

et al. 2020

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The importance of the kynurenine pathway in normal immune system function has led to an appreciation of its possible contribution to autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity exerts a protective function, limiting the severity of experimental arthritis, whereas deletion or inhibition exacerbates the symptoms. Other chronic disorder with an inflammatory component, such as atherosclerosis, are also suppressed by IDO activity. It is suggested that this overall anti-inflammatory activity is mediated by a change in the relative production or activity of Th17 and regulatory T cell populations. Kynurenines may play an anti-inflammatory role also in CNS disorders such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, in which signs of inflammation and neurodegeneration are involved. The possibility is discussed that in Huntington's disease kynurenines interact with other anti-inflammatory molecules such as Human Lymphocyte Antigen-G which may be relevant in other disorders. Kynurenine involvement may account for the protection afforded to animals with cerebral malaria and trypanosomiasis when they are treated with an inhibitor of kynurenine-3-monoxygenase (KMO). There is some evidence that changes in IL-10 may contribute to this protection and the relationship between kynurenines and IL-10 in arthritis and other inflammatory conditions should be explored. In addition, metabolites of kynurenine downstream of KMO, such as anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid can influence inflammation, and the ratio of these compounds is a valuable biomarker of inflammatory status although the underlying molecular mechanisms of the changes require clarification. Hence it is essential that more effort be expended to identify their sites of action as potential targets for drug development. Finally, we discuss increasing awareness of the epigenetic regulation of IDO, for example by DNA methylation, a phenomenon which may explain differences between individuals in their susceptibility to arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.

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“…Fresh fecal samples (2 to 5 g) were immediately placed into a sterile sampling box, transferred by ice bath, and maintained at −80°C until use, and the first fecal sample of each patient was collected before bowel preparation [ 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Combined Live Probiotics Alleviating the Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Functional Bowel Disorders

Shi

Gao

Zhang

2020

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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Objective. Changes of the gut microbiota are related to the pathogenesis of functional bowel disorders (FBDs), and probiotic supplementation may be an effective treatment option. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of combined live probiotics on the gastrointestinal symptoms of FBDs via altering the gut microbiota. Methods. Patients with the gastrointestinal symptoms of FBDs attending the Outpatient Department, from July to November 2019, were recruited. After the bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder and colonoscopy, patients with normal result of colonoscopy were randomly divided into the probiotics group and control group. Patients in the probiotics group were prescribed with combined live Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium enteric-coated capsules for 4 weeks. Small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO) was measured by lactulose hydrogen breath test, and the microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and the bacteria were classified by 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results. Twenty-five patients of each group were recruited, and there was no significant difference between the probiotics and control groups on baseline gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), positive rate of SIBO, and relative abundances of the gut microbiota at the phylum level. After 4 weeks of treatment, the values of the probiotics and control groups were as follows: GSRS 1.4±1.4 and 3.6±1.6 and positive rate of SIBO 28.0% and 56.0%, respectively. The median relative abundances of the gut microbiota were 1.01% and 5.03% Actinobacteria and 43.80% and 35.17% Bacteroidetes at the phylum level; 0.76% and 3.29% Bifidobacterium, 0.13% and 0.89% Cillinsella, 0.03% and 0.01% Enterococcus, 0.18% and 0.36% Lachnospiraceae, 0.10% and 0.16% Ruminococcus torques group, 1.31% and 2.44% Blautia, and 0.83% and 2.02% Fusicatenibacter at the genus level (P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion. Combined live probiotic supplementation after the bowel preparation can alter the gut microbiota, decontaminate SIBO, and alleviate the gastrointestinal symptoms of FBDs. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900026472.

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Clinical Parameters and Gut Microbiome Changes Before and After Surgery in Thoracic Aortic Dissection in Patients with Gastrointestinal Complications

Cited by 31 publications

References 49 publications

Fluoxetine-induced alteration of murine gut microbial community structure: evidence for a microbial endocrinology-based mechanism of action responsible for fluoxetine-induced side effects

Fluoxetine-induced alteration of murine gut microbial community structure: evidence for a microbial endocrinology-based mechanism of action responsible for fluoxetine-induced side effects

IDO and Kynurenine Metabolites in Peripheral and CNS Disorders

Effect of Combined Live Probiotics Alleviating the Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Functional Bowel Disorders

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