Clinical outcomes of implant therapy in ectodermal dysplasia patients: a systematic review

Implant-supported Oral Rehabilitation in Child with Ectodermal Dysplasia — 4-year Follow-up

“…The most important factor determining the ideal time to place implants may be level of skeletal maturity. However, in children, early implant placement may be considered in severe cases of ED in order to minimize poor functioning of removable dentures 20) . Implant placement in patients 5-6 years of age has been reported in the literature 3,7) .…”

Anatomical analysis of zygomatic bone in ectodermal dysplasia patients with oligodontia

“…Presented dento‐craniofacial features of ED patients included maxillary hypoplasia, mandibular protrusion, midface depression, depressed nasal bridge, reduced facial height, prominent forehead, and severe developmental defects of the alveolar ridges . Although most abnormalities of craniofacial morphology and bone structural anomalies can be attributed to molecular etiologies, some studies have proposed that the congenital absence of teeth could also be responsible .…”

“…Although most abnormalities of craniofacial morphology and bone structural anomalies can be attributed to molecular etiologies, some studies have proposed that the congenital absence of teeth could also be responsible . Molecular etiologies of ED consisted of changes in the signaling pathways that modulate NK‐κB activity, such as the ectodysplasin (EDA)‐EDAR‐EDARRADD signaling pathway and the NEMO regulatory pathway, and mutations of genes, such as p 63, DLX3, MSX1, EVC2, and EVC . Some authors suggested that the dysregulation of the EDA‐NF‐κB signaling pathway resulted in abnormal skeletogenic neural crest cell differentiation, migration, and osteoclastic differentiation such that craniofacial abnormalities presented clinical signs in ED patients .…”

“…The facial bones include the maxilla, mandible, alveolar bone, nasal bone, and zygomatic bone derived from the ectomesenchyme during embryological development. The clinical dento‐craniofacial features are maxillary hypoplasia, mandibular protrusion, midface depression, reduced facial height, a wide and prominent forehead, abnormal or missing sweat glands, sparse hair, dry skin, protuberant lips, saddle nose, oligodontia or hypodontia, abnormal conical teeth, and severe developmental defects of the alveolar ridges . However, it is unclear whether the development of the zygomatic bone is affected in those patients.…”

“…Due to severe developmental defects of the alveolar ridges and salivary gland hypoplasia, the use of traditional overdentures makes it difficult to reconstruct oral function for ED patients. In most cases, especially for oligodontia patients, undeveloped alveolar bone could not provide sufficient bone volume to contain the conventional implant, so patients frequently need to undergo additional bone augmentation before implant placement . Obvious disadvantages of extensive bone grafting exist, such as donor site morbidity, unpredictable resorption of grafting, staged placement of implant, and prolonged therapy .…”