Clinical Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Techniques Using Cryopreserved Gametes and Embryos in Human Medicine

Abstract

The methods of cryopreservation play a key role in assisted reproductive technique (ART) treatments, as they increase the efficacy of the treatments by allowing banking of supernumerary embryos for later use. It has been recently proposed that these methods could also increase the safety of ART treatments, by reducing complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation during early pregnancy; thus, the policy of total freeze for later differed transfer of embryos has been proposed. Also of great importance, cryopreservation of oocytes and spermatozoa has permitted gamete storage for long term facilitating practical routines such as the gamete banking for third-party reproductive treatment. In this chapter, the clinical indications and treatment outcomes will be revised and data updated on the safety of using cryopreservation methods in ART treatments.

Effects of supplemented intra- and extra-cellular trehalose on cryopreservation of feline oocytes

“…Moreover, these CPA also play an effective role by reducing toxicity of penetrating CPA during the processes. Nonpenetrating CPA are used in a combination of penetrating CPA (Wright et al, 2004;FAO, 2012;Waterstone et al, 2018).…”

“…In freezing protocol, sugar containing medium is routinely used in humans and animals. Several types of sugars have been added into the freezing medium, such as sucrose, trehalose, lactose, fructose, raffinose, mannitol, sorbitol and hydroxyethyl starch (Eroglu et al, 2002;Wright et al, 2004;Eroglu et al, 2009;Eroglu, 2010;FAO, 2012;Abazari et al, 2015;Fahy and Wowk, 2015;Pegg, 2015;Waterstone et al, 2018). Of these sugars, trehalose is the most popular sugar that has been applied and used in cryopreservation of many cell types due to its excellent properties in protecting ice crystal formation.…”