Clinical outcomes by infusion timing of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Early Morning Checkpoint Inhibitor Infusion and Overall Survival of Patients with Metastatic Cancer: an In-depth Chronotherapeutic Study

“…For patients with PS2-3, low timing impact might be explained by the dampening or loss of proper circadian organization 1,26 . Our results are in line with the eight recently published studies on cancer chrono-immunotherapies which investigated almost exclusively PS0-1 patients and all concluded on the best timing group being the earliest studied one, either in terms of OS, PFS or response, regardless of the chosen morning/afternoon timing cut-off [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . Here, timing univariable effect was more pronounced in women than in men (Figure 1C, Figure S7).…”

“…An essential aspect addressed in this study was the methodology for optimizing timing cutoffs for which no consensus currently exists. In the former chrono-immunotherapy studies, the morning/afternoon groups were chosen either from theoretical considerations or using the median of timing and ranged from 12:55 to 16:30 [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . However, the timing cut-off needs to be optimized as it is linked to the optimal treatment timing.…”

“…Administered as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, ICI improve tumor response, yet at the cost of adverse events which, although infrequent, are sometimes irreversible or even fatal [14][15][16] . Recently, eight retrospective studies suggested that the time-of-day of ICI infusion may impact the survival of patients with metastatic cancer [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . In these different populations, including patients with metastatic lung cancer, advanced melanoma, renal cell or urothelial cancers, progressionfree and/or overall survival (OS) were longer when most of the immunotherapy infusions were performed in the early part of the day, with median OS being lengthened by up to 3.6fold in the "morning" vs "afternoon" patient groups.…”

Immunotherapy Time of Infusion Impacts Survival in Head and Neck Cancer: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis

“…21,29 In this context, the inclusion of these patients may impact the evaluation of chronotherapy of ICI. 21,22 We chose to include such patients to determine if chronomodulation of ICI reports remain robust in the absence of this major selection bias since most patients with primary resistance to ICI receive less than 4 doses. 22 The HNSCC cohort assessed in this study primarily received ≤ 6 doses and therefore exclusion of ≤ 4 doses would not be representative of real-world practices of ICI in this disease setting and substantially limit study sample size ( Table 1 ).…”

Epidemiology of Lung Cancer Mortality in Spain: Updated Information (1982–2021) and Predictions up to 2046

“…For all the above reasons, although the stability of the LC case fatality rate suggests that mortality rates and trends may serve as proxies for their equivalents in terms of incidence, the recent emergence of new diagnostic techniques [44, 45] and treatment options [46, 47] may have led to a reduction in case fatality. These interventions, however, do not materially affect the direction or intensity of the trends we have described, although future trends are likely to be affected as a result.…”