Clinical outcome of HIV‐infected haemophiliac patients in Hong Kong

Abstract

About half of the haemophiliacs in Hong Kong have been infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aimed to determine their clinical course of progression. Forty-seven adult patients with congenital coagulation factor deficiency being followed up regularly from January 1992 onward in the Department of Medicine of Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, were included in this study. Twenty were positive for HIV antibody and the remaining 27 were negative. Three other HIV-positive patients who died before 1992 were excluded. From January 1992 to June 1996, the 47 patients included in the study were followed up in the clinic every 3-6 months with regular CD4, CD8 lymphocyte counts and β2 microglobulin levels. At the initiation of the study in January 1992, the HIV-infected patients had already a lower mean CD4 count (360.4 μL(-1) versus 658.8 μL(-1) , P<0.01), a reversed CD4/CD8 ratio (0.53) and a higher mean serum β2 microglobulin level (1.853 μg mL(-1) versus 1.315 μg mL(-1) , P>0.05). On regular follow-up, HIV-positive patients had a more significant progressive fall in their mean CD4 count (301.6 μL(-1) versus 360.4 μL(-1) , P<0.01) and rise in their mean serum β2 microglobulin level (2.60 μg mL(-1) , versus 1.853 μg mL(-1) , P<0.05). The CD4 and CD8 counts of HIV-positive patients were falling at a rate of 1.44 μL(-1) month(-1) and 4.03 μL(-1) month(-1) respectively. During the follow-up period, two of the 20 HIV-positive patients developed clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at 15 and 36 months from the initiation of the study. Both patients had typical features of AIDS with a low CD4 count, reversed CD4/CD8 ratio and elevated β2 microglobulin level. The former patient eventually died of fungal brain abscess. The remaining 18 HIV-positive patients so far remained clinically asymptomatic. Eleven patients were put on antiretroviral drug therapy when their CD4 counts fell below 200 μL(-1) . Only two of the 20 HIV-infected patients developed AIDS during the observation period of 4 years; this figure of 10% is relatively slow. Two of our patients died of AIDS before the study was initiated in 1992. Even if they were included, still only 17.4% had progressed. The figure is in the lowest rate of progression expected from Western experience. Although our study population is small, it remains unclear why our HIV-infected Chinese haemophiliacs have a slow rate of progression to AIDS.