Clinical Observations of Mosquito Bite Reactions in Man: A Survey of the Relationship between Age and Bite Reaction

Oka, Kosuke; Ohtaki, Noriko

doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.1989.tb01251.x

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The skin reactions to mosquito bites are derived from salivary secretions and consist of an immediate and a delayed reaction [24, 25]. In the present study, 7 of the 12 subjects with immediate skin reactions to SGE of A. togoi using the skin prick test had significantly higher anti-mosquito IgE antibody levels than those without a skin reaction (fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Characterization of Human IgE and Mouse IgG1 Responses to Allergens in Three Mosquito Species by Immunoblotting and ELISA

Jeon

Lee

2001

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: IgE-mediated allergic reactions caused by mosquito bites are a common problem all over the world. This study was undertaken to determine IgE levels in subjects, to elucidate human IgE and mouse IgG1 binding patterns and to investigate the cross-reactivity of salivary gland antigens with three mosquitoes. Methods: Mosquito larvae of Aedes togoi, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens pallens were collected and maintained in the laboratory. Salivary gland extracts (SGE) and whole-body extracts (WBE) were prepared from female mosquitoes of each species. Mosquito-specific IgE levels in 17 subjects were measured by ELISA. Polypeptide patterns were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Immunoblotting was performed with sensitized human and immune mouse sera, and elucidated human IgE and mouse IgG1 binding patterns to SGE. For the determination of cross-reactivity to the three types of mosquitoes, ELISA inhibition tests were performed using sera from mice sensitized by biting of A. togoi. Results: The 9 sera out of 12 with positive skin reactions to SGE of A. togoi by skin prick test showed significantly higher anti-mosquito SGE IgE levels than in those without skin reactions. Protein band patterns of the SGE and WBE of the three species were different from one another. Specific human IgE reacted to the protein in SGE of 30.5, 33, 37 and 57.5 kD from A. togoi, of 38, 43 an 68 kD from C. tritaeniorhynchus, and of 23, 33, 34, 43, 44, 60, 74 and 93 kD from C. pipiens pallens. There were specific mouse IgG1 reactions to the bands of 30.5, 33, 37 and 57.5 kD in the SGE of A. togoi. The ELISA inhibition studies disclosed almost no cross-reactivities between A. togoi, C. tritaeniorhynchus and C. pipiens pallens.Conclusions: Immunoblot analysis disclosed that allergenic proteins in the SGE of mosquitoes and their patterns were remarkably similar between human and mouse sera to the SGE of A. togoi. Species-shared allergens may not exist among the three mosquito species prevalent in Korea.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Characterization of Human IgE and Mouse IgG1 Responses to Allergens in Three Mosquito Species by Immunoblotting and ELISA

Jeon

Lee

2001

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Two different types of responses in the cerebral cortex can be induced by stimulation of the non-specific thalamic nuclei, depending on the frequency of stimulation. Low frequency stimulation (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) produces slow waves and spindle bursts (recruiting responses) associated with inattention, drowsiness, and sleep, whereas high frequency stimulation ( > 50 Hz) is followed by desynchronization of electrocortical activity with concomitant arousal (Dempsey and Morison,'42;Morison and Dempsey,'42;Jasper,'49,'60;Moruzzi and Magoun,'49). The phenomenon of cortical recruiting will not be further discussed, since recent evidence suggests that the projections of other nuclei which have been included in the non-specific thalamus, such as the ventral medial and ventral anterior nuclei, are better candidates for the final pathway mediating this phenomenon (Starzl and Magoun,'51;Herkenham,'79,'86).…”

Section: F'unctional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of the thalamostriatal projections in the rat, with special emphasis on the ventral striatum

Berendse

Groenewegen

1990

J of Comparative Neurology

546

371

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The organization of the thalamic projections to the ventral striatum in the rat was studied by placing injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B in the ventral striatum and small deposits of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) in individual midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. In order to provide a complete map of the midline and intralaminar thalamostriatal projections, PHA-L injections were also made in those parts of the intralaminar nuclei that project to the dorsal striatum. The relationship of thalamic afferent fibres with the compartmental organization of the ventral striatum was assessed by combining PHA-L tracing and enkephalin immunohistochemistry. The various midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei project to longitudinally oriented striatal sectors. The paraventricular thalamic nucleus sends most of its fibres to medial parts of the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle, whereas smaller contingents of fibres terminate in the lateral part of the nucleus accumbens and the most ventral, medial, and caudal parts of the caudate-putamen complex. The projections of the parataenial nucleus are directed towards central and ventral parts of the nucleus accumbens and intermediate mediolateral parts of the olfactory tubercle. The intermediodorsal nucleus projects to lateral parts of the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle and to ventral parts of the caudate-putamen. The projection of the rhomboid nucleus is restricted to the rostrolateral extreme of the striatum. A diffuse projection to the ventral striatum arises from neurons ventral and caudal to the nucleus reuniens rather than from cells inside the nucleus. Fibres from the central medial nucleus terminate centrally and dorsolaterally in the rostral part of the nucleus accumbens and medially in the caudate-putamen. Successively more lateral positions in the caudate-putamen are occupied by fibres from the paracentral and central lateral nuclei, respectively. The lateral part of the parafascicular nucleus projects to the most lateral part of the caudate-putamen, whereas projections from the medial part of this nucleus terminate in the medial part of the caudate-putamen and in the dorsolateral part of the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, a rostral to caudal gradient in a midline or intralaminar nucleus corresponds to a dorsal to ventral and rostral to caudal gradient in the striatum. In the ventral striatum, thalamic afferent fibres in the "shell" region of the nucleus accumbens avoid areas of high cell density and weak enkephalin immunoreactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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“…In vitro lymphocyte proliferation reactions were highest in subjects with delayed reactions, suggesting a type IV, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction (Peng and Simons 1996). Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity has also been implicated in delayed reactions to mosquito bites (Oka and Ohtaki 1989). Lastly, a study examining 402 children aged 1 month to 18 years showed that mean levels of mosquito salivaspecific IgE and IgG declined with age after early childhood suggesting that natural desensitization may occur (Peng et al 2004).…”

Section: Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Basophils

Schroeder

2014

Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology

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Clinical Observations of Mosquito Bite Reactions in Man: A Survey of the Relationship between Age and Bite Reaction

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Characterization of Human IgE and Mouse IgG1 Responses to Allergens in Three Mosquito Species by Immunoblotting and ELISA

Characterization of Human IgE and Mouse IgG1 Responses to Allergens in Three Mosquito Species by Immunoblotting and ELISA

Organization of the thalamostriatal projections in the rat, with special emphasis on the ventral striatum

Basophils

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