Clinical Manifestations, Treatment,  and Outcome of Hospitalized Patients with  <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> Malaria in Two Indian States: A Retrospective Study

Singh, Jagjit; Purohit, Bhargav M.; Desai, Anupama; Savardekar, Lalita; Shanbag, Preeti; Kshirsagar, Nilima A

doi:10.1155/2013/341862

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Overall, there was significant burden of anaemia among women in Jharkhand and particularly during pregnancy [ 23 ]. Our observations regarding anaemia are in accordance with the findings from other studies in Jharkhand [ 23 ], across India [ 41 , 42 ], and most relevant study by Nosten et al [ 43 ] in which they have demonstrated that women who had malaria at any time were more likely to be anaemic than women without malaria. Among multifactorial involvement in malarial anaemia are included haemolysis of parasitized erythrocytes and increased clearance of nonparasitized ones as well as an inadequate bone marrow response [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Malaria Infection and Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Pregnant Women in Semiurban Community of Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India

Sohail

Shakeel

Kumari

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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The escalating burden, pathogenesis, and clinical sequel of malaria during pregnancy have combinatorial adverse impact on both mother and foetus that further perplexed the situation of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. This prompted us to evaluate the status of population at risk of MIP in Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India. Cross-sectional study was conducted over a year at Sadar Hospital, Hazaribag. Malaria was screened using blood smear and/or RDT. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin concentration. Pretested questionnaires were used to gather sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetrical data. The prevalence of MIP was 5.4% and 4.3% at ANC and DU, and 13.2% malaria was in women without pregnancy. Interestingly, majority were asymptomatically infected with P. vivax (over 85%) at ANC and DU. Peripheral parasitemia was significantly associated with fever within past week, rural origin of subjects, and first/second pregnancies in multivariate analysis, with the highest risk factor associated with fever followed by rural residence. Strikingly in cohort, anaemia was prevalent in 86% at ANC as compared to 72% at DU, whereas severe anaemia was 13.6% and 7.8% at ANC and DU. Even more anaemia prevalence was observed in MIP group (88% and 89% at ANC and DU), whereas severe anaemia was 23% and 21%, respectively. In view of observed impact of anaemia, parasitemia and asymptomatic infection of P. vivax during pregnancy and delivery suggest prompt diagnosis regardless of symptoms and comprehensive drug regime should be offered to pregnant women in association with existing measures in clinical spectrum of MIP, delivery, and its outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Malaria Infection and Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Pregnant Women in Semiurban Community of Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India

Sohail

Shakeel

Kumari

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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“…Similar results were also reported by Gehlawat et al (36) and Singh et al (37). Malarial infections are reported to be related to occupation as some work and environmental conditions may prove to be conducive to the spread of malaria (38). The findings of the current study highlight the fact that most of the patients suffering from malaria were students, which pertains more to their age group than their occupation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

An investigation on the prevalence and efficiency of immunochromatographic testing in suspected malarial patients of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan

et al. 2016

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The information generated from the completion of the genome sequence of Plasmodium falciparum in 2002 helped revolutionize molecular biological research on malarial parasites. Malaria is among the oldest documented diseases of humans and even today organisms in the genus Plasmodium infect more people than do the vectors of any other infectious disease (1). Temporal variation of malaria cases shows a significant positive association with meteorological variables including average monthly rainfall and temperature (2). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 135 to 287 million cases and 473,000 to 789,000 deaths due to malaria were reported in 2012 (3).Four species of malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovlae, and Plasmodium malariae, are known to infect humans (4). Among these, P. vivax puts billions of the world's population at risk of infection due to greater survival ability in challenging environments (5-7). Malarial infection is one of the gravest problems prevailing in Pakistan, where population explosion, low per capita income, poor health facilities, poor nutrition in joint family systems, lack of education, and unhygienic communities contribute towards an increase in the incidence of malarial infections. According to the WHO, 60% of the Pakistani population lives in endemic malarial regions (3). After eradication efforts in the 1960s, malaria surged back to an epidemic level in the 1970s. An upward trend in the prevalence of malaria was partially attributed to floods that affected approximately 20 million people in over 60 districts (8). Despite a well-established malaria control program, 500,000 malaria infections and 50,000 malaria-attributable deaths occur each year in Pakistan ( 9), with approximately 37% of cases occurring in regions along the borders with Afghanistan and Iran (10).Detection of mixed infections can be difficult due to varying levels of parasitemia, low organism density, and Background/aim: The prevalences of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are increasing rapidly in Pakistan, but recent data on the epidemiology of malaria are not properly reported with scarce diagnostic methods for quick diagnosis. This study was designed to determine the current prevalence and distribution of Plasmodium species in the vicinity of Rawalpindi and Islamabad and report on the validity of the immunochromatographic test (ICT) in diagnosing malarial infections.Materials and methods: A total of 1500 blood samples obtained from a local hospital were screened during the course of this study via microscopic examination and ICT.Results: It was seen that malaria was highly endemic in this region. Both P. vivax and P. falciparum were prevalent in all age groups with high seasonal variations, showing a summer peak for P. vivax and a winter peak for P. falciparum. In a comparative study of the diagnostic methods it was observed that the ICT is 95% sensitive and 100% specific for both P. falciparum and P. vivax, while microscopic study was 100% sens...

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“…Malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum is the parasite species causing the lethal form of the disease whilst Plasmodium vivax has long been considered a parasite causing mild disease, thereby diverting attention away from this species regarding research; however, recent studies have reported that this species also causes severe clinical syndromes [ 1 , 2 ]. Even though both species infect humans, they both emerged from different evolutionary lineages; whilst P. vivax shares a common ancestor with Asian non-human primate malaria, P. falciparum has diverged from parasites infecting great apes [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous genetic diversity pattern in Plasmodium vivax genes encoding merozoite surface proteins (MSP) -7E, −7F and -7L

Garzón‐Ospina

Forero-Rodríguez

Patarroyo

2014

Malar J

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BackgroundThe msp-7 gene has become differentially expanded in the Plasmodium genus; Plasmodium vivax has the highest copy number of this gene, several of which encode antigenic proteins in merozoites.MethodsDNA sequences from thirty-six Colombian clinical isolates from P. vivax (pv) msp-7E, −7F and -7L genes were analysed for characterizing and studying the genetic diversity of these pvmsp-7 members which are expressed during the intra-erythrocyte stage; natural selection signals producing the variation pattern so observed were evaluated.ResultsThe pvmsp-7E gene was highly polymorphic compared to pvmsp-7F and pvmsp-7L which were seen to have limited genetic diversity; pvmsp-7E polymorphism was seen to have been maintained by different types of positive selection. Even though these copies seemed to be species-specific duplications, a search in the Plasmodium cynomolgi genome (P. vivax sister taxon) showed that both species shared the whole msp-7 repertoire. This led to exploring the long-term effect of natural selection by comparing the orthologous sequences which led to finding signatures for lineage-specific positive selection.ConclusionsThe results confirmed that the P. vivax msp-7 family has a heterogeneous genetic diversity pattern; some members are highly conserved whilst others are highly diverse. The results suggested that the 3′-end of these genes encode MSP-7 proteins’ functional region whilst the central region of pvmsp-7E has evolved rapidly. The lineage-specific positive selection signals found suggested that mutations occurring in msp-7s genes during host switch may have succeeded in adapting the ancestral P. vivax parasite population to humans.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-495) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Outcome of Hospitalized Patients with Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Two Indian States: A Retrospective Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence of Malaria Infection and Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Pregnant Women in Semiurban Community of Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India

Prevalence of Malaria Infection and Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Pregnant Women in Semiurban Community of Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India

An investigation on the prevalence and efficiency of immunochromatographic testing in suspected malarial patients of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan

Heterogeneous genetic diversity pattern in Plasmodium vivax genes encoding merozoite surface proteins (MSP) -7E, −7F and -7L

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