Clinical manifestations of hydrocephalus: A review

Abstract

Background: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus is a disease, which results from excess cerebral spinal fluid, it is often misdiagnosed for other degenerative diseases. Symptoms of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus may be reversed with new treatment techniques such as shunting. Aims: The aim of this article is to review the pathophysiology of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, discuss how to distinguish it from other diseases and discuss treatment options, which show potential for treating Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Methods: PubMed was used to conduct searches regarding the subject matter of this article. Results: Gait, dementia and urinary incontinence, which are also referred to as Adam's Triad, are typical associated with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. The pathophysiology of these conditions has been outlined in this article. Review articles have been outlined which discuss the potential certain shunt operations have to treat Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Discussion: There are several known treatment options that have been successful when treating Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. With the use of shunts to drain excess cerebral spinal fluid, it is possible to improve the patient's symptoms and thus improve their quality of life. Conclusion: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus should be considered when treating elderly patients that show signs of Adam's Triad. There are numerous types of treatment options available that show promise as to relieving some of the symptoms that are associated with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Petrous Face Meningiomas: Classification, Clinical Syndromes, and Surgical Outcomes

“…This is consistent with other reports that found hearing/vestibular dysfunction in 28% of patients, but facial weakness in only 8% of patients 18 . Lastly, the posterior petrous face tumors presented primarily with symptoms secondary to mass effect and/or hydrocephalus rather than focal deficits, consistent with others findings 19,20 . They were significantly associated with headaches, ataxia, vertigo and pre-operative hydrocephalus.…”

Detection of differentiated changes in gray matter in children with progressive hydrocephalus and chronic compensated hydrocephalus using voxel‐based morphometry and machine learning

“…The degeneration of brain structure would damage the children's cognitive development. As a result, the hydrocephalus children demonstrated a high prevalence of long‐term cognitive dysfunctions related to intelligence, executive function, learning, and memory (Kahle et al, ; Problemlerinin, ; Schwamb, Dalpiaz, Miao, Gonka, & Khan, ).…”

Karakteristik Hidrosefalus Pada Usia Dewasa

“…Hidrosefalus tekanan normal (NPH) adalah jenis hidrosefalus yang communicating di mana ventrikel serebral membesar dan tekanan CSF yang berfluktuasi. 5 CSF diproduksi di pleksus koroid yang terletak di dalam ventrikel lateral, ketiga, dan keempat. Dalam keadaan normal, ultrafiltrasi melalui dinding endotel kapiler pleksus koroid menghasilkan cairan serebrospinal.…”

“…Komplikasi berat, seperti hematoma subdural dengan efek massa, infeksi shunt, dan obstruksi shunt, biasanya memerlukan intervensi bedah. 5…”