Clinical manifestations and socio-economic impact of influenza among healthy children in the community

Esposito, Susanna; Cantarutti, Luigi; Molteni, Claudio Giuseppe; Daleno, Cristina; Scala, Alessia; Tagliabue, Claudia; Pelucchi, Claudio; Giaquinto, Carlo; Principi, Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2011.02.015

Cited by 62 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Similar to our study, Principi and Esposito [13] did not find a difference in number of medical visits between flu positive and flu negative children. However, an Italian study [14] reports a much higher average cost for patients with flu or ILI than in our study, as well as 32% higher costs for flu patients compared to ILI patients without flu. They found higher costs for flu patients because compared to parents of ILI patients without flu, the mother and father incurred 1 and 2 more work days lost, respectively [14].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Influenza-Like-Illness and Clinically Diagnosed Flu: Disease Burden, Costs and Quality of Life for Patients Seeking Ambulatory Care or No Professional Care at All

2014

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This is one of the first studies to (1) describe the out-of-hospital burden of influenza-like-illness (ILI) and clinically diagnosed flu, also for patients not seeking professional medical care, (2) assess influential background characteristics, and (3) formally compare the burden of ILI in patients with and without a clinical diagnosis of flu. A general population sample with recent ILI experience was recruited during the 2011–2012 influenza season in Belgium. Half of the 2250 respondents sought professional medical care, reported more symptoms (especially more often fever), a longer duration of illness, more use of medication (especially antibiotics) and a higher direct medical cost than patients not seeking medical care. The disease and economic burden were similar for ambulatory ILI patients, irrespective of whether they received a clinical diagnosis of flu. On average, they experienced 5–6 symptoms over a 6-day period; required 1.6 physician visits and 86–91% took medication. An average episode amounted to €51–€53 in direct medical costs, 4 days of absence from work or school and the loss of 0.005 quality-adjusted life-years. Underlying illness led to greater costs and lower quality-of-life. The costs of ILI patients with clinically diagnosed flu tended to increase, while those of ILI patients without clinically diagnosed flu tended to decrease with age. Recently vaccinated persons experienced lower costs and a higher quality-of-life, but this was only the case for patients not seeking professional medical care. This information can be used directly to evaluate the implementation of cost-effective prevention and control measures for influenza. In particular to inform the evaluation of more widespread seasonal influenza vaccination, including in children, which is currently considered by many countries.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Influenza-Like-Illness and Clinically Diagnosed Flu: Disease Burden, Costs and Quality of Life for Patients Seeking Ambulatory Care or No Professional Care at All

2014

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“…This approach, as adopted by Lee et al [40], again assumes that the average indirect costs associated with influenza are the same across subtypes and age groups. However, this may not always be correct, for example, one study found that [67] the indirect costs associated with influenza A disease in children were significantly higher than the indirect costs associated with influenza B disease.…”

Section: Measuring Economic Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key issues and challenges in estimating the impact and cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent influenza vaccination

Quinn

Jit

Newall

2014

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research

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Evidence has shown that quadrivalent influenza vaccines containing all four subtypes are safe and immunogenic. However, to date there have been few published studies exploring the population-level clinical and economic impact of quadrivalent compared to trivalent influenza vaccines. Economic evaluation studies need to be conducted in order to inform country-level decision making about whether (and how to) introduce and replace the current trivalent influenza vaccines with quadrivalent influenza vaccination programs. Several key issues associated with estimating the clinical and economic impact of the trivalent versus quadrivalent vaccines are discussed in this article, particularly the complexities involved in estimating the incremental preventable disease and economic burden. Other factors, such as the indirect (herd) protection from quadrivalent influenza vaccination and the timing of the replacement of trivalent influenza vaccination programs are also discussed.

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“…Influenza B causes disease in all age groups, but older children and young adults tend to have higher rates of influenza B illness relative to influenza A [5,6]. Medically attended illnesses due to influenza A and B are generally similar with regard to symptoms, severity and rates of influenza-related complications [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Studies of severe influenza disease have demonstrated that influenza B infections also cause a significant proportion of influenza-attributable hospitalizations [20,21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadrivalent Ann Arbor strain live-attenuated influenza vaccine

Toback¹,

Levin

Block

et al. 2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Influenza B is responsible for significant morbidity in children and adults worldwide. For more than 25 years, two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses, B/Yamagata and B/Victoria, have cocirculated globally. Current influenza vaccine formulations are trivalent and contain two influenza subtype A strains (A/H1N1 and A/H3N2) but only one B strain. In a half of recent influenza seasons, the predominant circulating influenza B lineage was different from that contained in trivalent influenza vaccines. A quadrivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine (Q/LAIV) that contains two B strains, one from each lineage, has been developed to help provide broad protection against influenza B. Q/LAIV was recently approved for use in the USA in eligible individuals 2-49 years of age. This review summarizes clinical trial data in support of Q/LAIV.

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Clinical manifestations and socio-economic impact of influenza among healthy children in the community

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Influenza-Like-Illness and Clinically Diagnosed Flu: Disease Burden, Costs and Quality of Life for Patients Seeking Ambulatory Care or No Professional Care at All

Influenza-Like-Illness and Clinically Diagnosed Flu: Disease Burden, Costs and Quality of Life for Patients Seeking Ambulatory Care or No Professional Care at All

Key issues and challenges in estimating the impact and cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent influenza vaccination

Quadrivalent Ann Arbor strain live-attenuated influenza vaccine

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