Clinical manifestations and genetic variation of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica in Southern Turkey

Eroglu, Fadime; Koltas, Ismail Soner; Alabaz, Derya; Uzun, Soner; Karakaş, Mehmet

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2015.04.014

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The presence of L. major in southern Turkey is due to the arrival of Syrian refugees since 2011 to these areas where L. major has not been identified previously (83). There is high L. tropica heterogeneity in Turkey with distinct clades (84)(85)(86). There are genetic similarities between northwest Iranian L. infantum strains and hybrid strains of L. infantum/L.…”

Section: Distribution Of CL and Related Causative Agents In The Neighmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Ghatee

Taylor

Karamian

2020

Front. Public Health

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Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major are both the main cause of anthroponotic (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), respectively, in the Old World. Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani, which are important causes of visceral leishmaniasis, have also occasionally been reported in CL patients. The present study investigates the current distribution of causative species of CL in Iran and neighboring countries in the Middle East. There has been expansion of L. tropica into new urban and rural foci in Iran, with well-documented cases of visceralization, a substantial increase of CL in Syria, and the emergence of new foci and outbreaks in Turkey and Iraq, especially due to L. major. Civil war in Syria and Iraq, population movement, poverty, and climatic change play important roles in the changing CL distribution in this region. Control programs should adopt a multidisciplinary approach based on active surveillance and case finding, especially in vulnerable refugee populations, determination of hazard maps for CL hot points using GIS and other advanced technology, the free distribution of drugs, rodent control, and greater community engagement in poor and marginalized populations. Comprehensive molecular studies that could show the species and strains of Leishmania in different areas of each country can give a better view from the distribution of CL in this region.

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Section: Distribution Of CL and Related Causative Agents In The Neighmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Ghatee

Taylor

Karamian

2020

Front. Public Health

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“…Recent studies have reported the presence of L. infantum in CL cases without a VL history and that of L. tropica in VL cases without a CL history. 21 , 22 The L. infantum, L. major, L. tropica , and L. donovani from leishmaniasis agents have been reported in the southern/southeast Anatolia region of Turkey. 23 , 24 In the present study, as causative agents of VL in pediatric cases, L. infantum, L. donovani , and L. tropica were as follows; 40%, 26.7%, and 23.3%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identi̇fi̇cati̇on of Lei̇shmani̇a Tropi̇ca From Pedi̇atri̇c Vi̇sceral Lei̇shmani̇asi̇s i̇n Southern Mediterranean Region of Turkey.

Alabaz

Eroglu²,

Elçi³

et al. 2022

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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Background; Protozoa of the genus Leishmania are obligate intracellular parasites and Leishmania species cause a spectrum of species-specific clinical symptoms known as cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica are known to cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, while Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani cause visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, molecular studies in recent years have shown that Leishmania species cause different clinical symptoms. Objectives; Our aim is to evaluate the relationship between clinical and molecular characterization of leishmania isolates in children with VL defined in Turkey, which is an intercontinental transitional region. Methods; The clinical diagnosis of VL was confirmed by the detection of amastigotes in the bone marrow aspirate and/or the rK39 test and/or molecular methods (genus specific PCR, Real-Time PCR, ITS1 PCR-RFLP, DNA sequencing). Results: Most of the VL patients were referred from the districts of Adana (53.3%) and others from neighboring provinces; Hatay (16.6%), Osmaniye (3%), Gaziantep (3%), Adıyaman (3%) and 20% case were Syrian emigrants. A total of 30 patients with a clinical diagnosis of VL were confirmed by different diagnostic methods. It was found that 93% positive with microscopic examination, 79.1% with rK39 dipstick test, and 60% with genus specific PCR assay in clinical samples. The Leishmania isolates were identified as L. infantum (40%), L. donovani (26.7%) and L. tropica (23.3%) using Real Time PCR, ITS1 PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing. There was no cutaneous finding in any case in clinical examination. The most common clinical findings were fever (93.3%), splenomegaly (90%), followed by hepatomegaly (76.6%). The most common laboratory finding was thrombocytopenia (86.6%) followed by anemia (70%). Hemophagocytic lympho-histiocytosis was detected in bone marrow aspiration in two of our patients. Since pentavalent antimony salts treatment initially failed in four patients, it was necessary to switch to Liposomal-Amphotericin B treatment and was successfully treated. Conclusions: The presence of L. tropica in VL patients, despite the absence of cutaneous findings in any of the cases, shows that this strain can cause VL, contrary to conventional knowledge. In the Adana province, where this study was carried out, L. infantum from CL cases in previous studies should be taken into account and visceral spread in CL cases and accompanying cutaneous lesions in VL cases should be investigated in detail. Key Words; Visceral leishmaniasis, DNA Sequencing, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania tropica

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“…The variations reported in the Old World Leishmania species using ITS1 PCR-RFLP analyses range from highest to lowest in the order: L. tropica > L. aethiopica > L. major > L. donovani. 9 Eroglu et al 35 reported that DNA sequencing revealed genetic variation in both L. infantum (variants 1-3) and L. tropica (variants 1-5), and suggested that the increase in disease occurrence may be attributable to the geographic expansion of the disease, changing patterns of international travel, population migrations, and the entry of non-immune people into endemic regions and of infected people into non-endemic regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping Leishmania promastigotes isolated from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-eastern Turkey

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant disease in south-eastern Anatolia because it is prevalent among Syrian refugees. We identified the causative Leishmania species in CL patients using molecular methods.MethodsNovy–MacNeal–Nicolle medium was inoculated with aspirated fluid from suspected CL lesions and tested for amastigotes with Giemsa staining. PCR amplified the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of the Leishmania genome in cultures containing Leishmania promastigotes from 100 patients, which were genotyped with a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from ITS1 sequences of 95 culture fluid samples from these patients.ResultsLeishmania amastigotes were detected in 92% of cultures with growth. Leishmania promastigotes were typed as Leishmania tropica with both PCR–RFLP and sequencing.ConclusionsIdentification of L. tropica as the causative agent of CL in our region allows the clinical course to be predicted, and guides treatment decisions and preventive measures.

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Clinical manifestations and genetic variation of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica in Southern Turkey

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Identi̇fi̇cati̇on of Lei̇shmani̇a Tropi̇ca From Pedi̇atri̇c Vi̇sceral Lei̇shmani̇asi̇s i̇n Southern Mediterranean Region of Turkey.

Genotyping Leishmania promastigotes isolated from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-eastern Turkey

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