Clinical Manifestation of Covid-19 Co-Infection Case in Bengkulu City

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and no one could predict when it would end. In some cases of COVID-19, patients experienced infection by SARS-Cov-2 and other microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi.Objective: This study aims to determine Co-infection on clinical symptoms and mortality of COVID-19 patients in Bengkulu City, Indonesia.Methods: We reviewed and analyzed data on patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were co-infected, including basic information, clinical manifestations, radiological and laboratory examinations, to the final status.Results: A total of 105 patients with confirmed COVID-19 participated in this study with various clinical manifestation: mild case (12%), moderate case/ mild pneumonia (52%), severe pneumonia (20%) and critical case (16%). Of the 105 patients, six patients were co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1 case), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2 cases), Salmonella thypii (2 cases), bacterial pneumonia, and viral pneumonia (1 case). As many as three of the six patients experienced inferior clinical manifestations and died.Conclusion: The co-infection of other microorganisms in COVID-19 can affect the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Health Educatiom About Clean and Healthy Lifestyle Behavior (PHBS) in the Transition Period of the Covid-19 Pandemic for Students

“…Based on the phylogeny, taxonomy, and developing practices, this virus is still closely related to SARS-Cov which caused the extraordinary outbreak of SARS 18 years ago, so it was named the SARS-Cov-2 virus [1]. COVID-19 caused some clinical manifestation from asymptomatic, mild case, moderate case, severe pneumonia and critical case [8], [9]. Reinfection of COVID-19 was also happened in Bengkulu city [10].…”

“…According to Bengkulu City Health Profile data, acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrhea, dengue fever, malaria , HIV and helminthiasis are also still major health problems in Bengkulu City [17]. Besides, some microorganisms caused co-infection in COVID-19 patient such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella thypii, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and other bacterial an viral pneumonia [8]. Most of the causes of these infectious diseases are due to clean living behavior and awareness of environmental sanitation in the community is still low.…”

The Influence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity Factors in COVID-19 Patients on IgM and IgG Antibody Levels of SARS-Cov-2 at M. Yunus Hospital and Harapan Dan Doa Hospital Bengkulu City

“…Based on data from the Bengkulu Provincial Health Office in Bengkulu Province, as of April 11, 2022, 29,095 cases were recorded [3]. Some clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients in Bengkulu include fever, cough, chest congestion, fatigue, nausea, anosmia, ageusia, diarrhea, and unconscious [4]. Various efforts have been made to minimise the spread of COVID-19 cases, such as isolating patients who are positive for COVID-19 without symptoms independently, closing access to crowded places, schools, and offices and implementing health protocols [5].…”