Clinical, laboratory and epidemiological aspects of HPV infection in a low-income population from South Bahia, Brazil

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the Southern region of the State of Bahia, evaluating the performance of alternative complementary methods for cervical lesion detection. Cervical samples from women who attended healthcare units were collected and diagnosed by visual inspection, cervical cytology and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, hemi-nested PCR was performed to detect different HPV genotypes. The prevalence of HPV infection was 47·7%, with genotype 16 detected in most cases. Infection was associated with dyspareunia and bleeding (P < 0·001, odds ratio (OR) 5·6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·815-11·14) and hormonal contraceptive use (P = 0·007, OR 2·33, 95% CI 1·25-4·34). There was a positive correlation between positive PCR and positive visual inspection, cervical cytology and symptoms reported. Furthermore, visual inspection was twice as specific, and had a greater positive predictive value than cytology. We showed a high prevalence of HPV infection in Southern Bahia, with HPV 16 being the most common type, and visual inspection being most effective at detecting HPV lesions, corroborating the suggestion that it can be applied in routine gynecologic examinations for low-income populations.

Prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors of cervical HPV infection in Yangqu, China: a population-based survey of 10086 women

“…HPV genotyping by HybriMax was performed using an HPV GenoArray Test Kit (HybriBio Ltd, Chaozhou, China) with the residual Pap test specimens. This assay can identify 21 types of HPV, including 15 high-risk types (16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,53,56,58,59, 66 and 68) and six low-risk types (6,11,42,43,44 and CP8304) by the flow-through hybridization technique using a TC-96/G/H6 HPV DNA Amplification Analyzer and an HMM-2 fast nucleic acid molecule hybridization instrument (HybriBio Ltd).…”

“…[28][29][30] Although the detection rate of HPV16 varies according to different countries and areas, it always has a relatively high rate. 31,32 In our study, we used an HPV GenoArray Test Kit (HybriBio Ltd, Chaozhou, China) that had good interassay agreement, with the reference standard Roche Linear Array 33 and hybrid capture II 34 for the detection of most HPV genotypes. Except for the two types not detected (42 and 44), the detection rate of HPV16 was still the highest, accounting for 38.33% of the total positive infection (345/900), followed by 52, 58, 53, 66, 56, 51, 33, 31, 68, 18, 39, 35, 59, CP8304, 43, 6, 11, and 45.…”

“…In the post-vaccine era, how to formulate different vaccine intervention measures to prevent and control cervical cancer effectively according to the characteristics of different regions is the focus of scholars. China has approved bivalent (2vHPV preventing infection from HPV16 and 18 genotypes), quadrivalent (4vHPV from HPV6, 11, 16, and 18 genotypes) and 9-valent (9vHPV from HPV6, 11,16,18,31,33,45,52, and 58 genotypes) vaccines,with 9vHPV being the successor to the others. Existing studies have shown that the distribution of HPV genotypes varies with different regions.…”

Prevalence, Diversity, and Risk Factors for Cervical HPV Infection in Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil

“…Some studies on HPV prevalence were performed in Brazil on a population of HIV-seronegative women who were spontaneously seeking gynecological care and prevention. The prevalence varies from 15.7% to 60% in the south [14][15][16][17], from 48.6% to 59% in the southeast [16], and in the northeast, the variation range is from 11.7% to 80.4% in communities of black rural descendants of enslaved Africans, designated as Quilombolas [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In the northern region, the prevalence varies from 16.4% in communities of riversides [25][26][27], to 29.4% in programs of cervical routine assistance in the largest cities.…”

Padronização da PCR em tempo real para a genotipagem de HPV 6-11, HPV 16 e HPV 18 utilizando controle interno

“…Diversos estudos no Brasil afirmam ainda que o HPV 16 é o mais prevalente dentre os genótipos de alto-risco, o que intensifica a preocupação referente à saúde pública brasileira. Os tipos e HPV-6 e HPV-11 são os responsáveis por 90% dos condilomas genitais e papilomas laríngeos e são considerados de baixo risco oncogênico (GADELHA et al, 2017;OLIVEIRA et al 2017).…”