Clinical Investigation of French Maritime Pine Bark Extract on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as compared to Methylphenidate and Placebo: Part 2: Oxidative Stress and Immunological Modulation

Weyns, Anne-Sophie; Verlaet, Annelies A. J.; Herreweghe, Maxim Van; Fransén, Erik; Meester, Ingrid De; Logie, Emilie; Berghe, Wim Vanden; Verhelst, Hélène; West, Dirk Van; Ingelghem, Ingrid Van; Jonckheere, An I.; Beysen, Diane; Kenis, Sandra; Moens, Els; Roest, Aalt P.J. van; Savelkoul, H.F.J.; Bruyne, T. De; Pieters, Luc; Ceulemans, Berten; Hermans, Nina

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2022.105247

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Chovanová et al found that the levels of 8-oxoG significantly decreased after 1 month of PBE treatment in comparison to the initial values and to the placebo group, but after the wash-out period, the level of 8-oxoG rose again. TAS was decreased in the plasma of children with ADHD when compared to the reference values (1.1-1.7 mM); on the contrary, its level rose after the wash-out period in PBE-treated patients [25,[29][30][31][32][33]; Table 3. ↑ TAS in ADHD children after the wash-out period from PBE (1.091 to 1.026; p = 0.0019) Note: ↓ indicates a reduction; ↑ indicates an increase.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Polyphenols In Rebalancing Oxidative Stress Path...mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…On the other hand, a significant difference was found in CAT activity after 10 weeks (p = 0.025), although it has been hypothesized that this result could be a false positive. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO), and Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) gene expression did not reveal any significant difference between the groups [29].…”

Section: Efficacy Of Polyphenols In Rebalancing Oxidative Stress Path...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results could be due not only to the different doses of PBE used in this clinical trial compared to those administered in other studies (up to 100 mg/kg) but also to the highest oxidative stress levels in the animal models compared to those observed in ADHD patients. In addition, low levels of antioxidant enzymes do not necessarily correlate with increased oxidative stress: polyphenols may activate the Nfr2 pathway, thus inducing an increase in the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) cytoprotective gene, which could be responsible for lower GSH concentrations [29].…”

Section: Efficacy Of Polyphenols In Rebalancing Oxidative Stress Path...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Polyphenols: A Systematic Review

Turiaco,

Cullotta,

Mannino

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Polyphenols are natural compounds also contained in daily consumed foods that show their efficacy in different clinical fields. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated that polyphenols may manage neuroinflammation and oxidative stress processes tightly connected to neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders. Thus, a neuroinflammatory state may influence the neurotransmitters pathways, such as the noradrenergic, glutamatergic, serotoninergic, and, in particular, dopaminergic ones, whose impairment is strongly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review is to provide an overview of the clinical outcomes’ changes following ADHD treatment with polyphenols alone and in combination with the traditional drugs. This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and recorded on PROSPERO with the number CRD42023438491; PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used as search-engines to lead our research until June 2023. The inclusion criteria were articles written in English, including clinical, placebo-controlled, and case-control trials. We excluded reviews, metanalyses, background articles, and papers published in other languages. To avoid any bias, Rayyan software (COPYRIGHT © 2022 RAYYAN) was used to organize the work and manage the literature review. After screening, 10 studies were included, with a total of 556 patients that met the established inclusion criteria. The data obtained from these studies showed that polyphenols rebalanced oxidative stress pathways through different mechanisms, are effective for the treatment of ADHD both alone and in combination with traditional drugs, and are able to reduce symptoms as well as the side effects related to the use of conventional therapies. Finally, a positive effect of using polyphenols for ADHD prevention could be hypothesized.

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Section: Efficacy Of Polyphenols In Rebalancing Oxidative Stress Path...mentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Efficacy Of Polyphenols In Rebalancing Oxidative Stress Path...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efficacy Of Polyphenols In Rebalancing Oxidative Stress Path...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Polyphenols: A Systematic Review

Turiaco,

Cullotta,

Mannino

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…The frequency of adverse events was 39% in the MPH group, 9% in the placebo group and 8% with Pycnogenol ® . Additionally, MPH led to loss of appetite and significant weight loss in the children, whereas with Pycnogenol ® , a physiologically appropriate weight gain for this age group was observed ( 38 ). Interestingly, NPY, “the hunger neuropeptide” responsible for ensuring food intake and reducing anxiety and stress was significantly reduced by 21% after MPH intake and non-significantly increased by 11% in the Pycnogenol ® group.…”

Section: Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Human Clinical St...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human clinical studies

Weichmann,

Rohdewald

2024

Front. Nutr.

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Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract is a well-known and thoroughly studied patented extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster Ait. ssp. Atlantica. In 39 randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled (RDP) human clinical trials including 2,009 subjects, Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract supplementation for two weeks to six months has been shown to beneficially affect cardiovascular health, chronic venous insufficiency, cognition, joint health, skin health, eye health, women’s health, respiratory health and allergies, oral health and sports performance. The mechanisms of action that can explain the respective effects on different conditions in the human body are discussed as well. As investigated in several in vitro, in vivo and in clinical studies, Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract showed antioxidative effects, anti-inflammatory abilities, beneficial effects on endothelial function and reinforcing effects on the extracellular matrix. The present review aims to give a comprehensive overview of currently available “gold standard” RDP trials of Pycnogenol®’s benefits across various health domains compared to placebo. In addition, some of the processes on which the presented effects of Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract are based will be elucidated and discussed. This broad overview of RDP studies on Pycnogenol® in different health domains can be used as a basis for further research on applications and mechanisms of this unique French maritime pine bark extract.

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Enhancing pediatric attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder treatment: exploring the gut microbiota effects of French maritime pine bark extract and methylphenidate intervention

Weyns,

Ahannach,

Van Rillaer

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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IntroductionThe pathogenesis of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is thought to be multifactorial, with a potential role for the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and brain development and function. Since the “golden-standard” medication therapy with methylphenidate (MPH) is linked to multiple adverse effects, there is a need for alternative treatment options such as dietary polyphenols. These secondary plant metabolites exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but much less is known about their impact on the gut microbiota. Since polyphenols are believed to modulate gut microbial composition, interventions might be advantageous in ADHD therapy. Therefore, intervention studies with polyphenols in ADHD therapy investigating the gut microbial composition are highly relevant.MethodsBesides the primary research questions addressed previously, this study explored a potential prebiotic effect of the polyphenol-rich French Maritime Pine Bark Extract (PBE) compared to MPH and a placebo in pediatric ADHD patients by studying their impact on the gut microbiota via amplicon sequencing of the full length 16S rRNA gene ribosomal subunit (V1-V9).ResultsOne interesting finding was the high relative abundance of Bifidobacteria among all patients in our study cohort. Moreover, our study has identified that treatment (placebo, MPH and PBE) explains 3.94% of the variation in distribution of microbial taxa (adjusted p-value of 0.011).DiscussionOur small sample size (placebo: n = 10; PBE: n = 13 and MPH: n = 14) did not allow to observe clear prebiotic effects in the patients treated with PBE. Notwithstanding this limitation, subtle changes were noticeable and some limited compositional changes could be observed.Clinical Trial Registrationdoi: 10.1186/S13063-017-1879-6

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Clinical Investigation of French Maritime Pine Bark Extract on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as compared to Methylphenidate and Placebo: Part 2: Oxidative Stress and Immunological Modulation

Cited by 4 publications

References 79 publications

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Polyphenols: A Systematic Review

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Polyphenols: A Systematic Review

Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human clinical studies

Enhancing pediatric attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder treatment: exploring the gut microbiota effects of French maritime pine bark extract and methylphenidate intervention

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