Clinical Indicators of Moribundity in Swine Experimentally Inoculated with African Swine Fever Virus

Hershey, Benjamin J; Hagart, Jenna L; Havas, Karyn A.

doi:10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000032

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The maximum score is 40 points. When the score was over 20, or the pigs indicated moribundity (moribund animals were defined as those that are expected to die within 24 h), euthanasia was performed [ 21 ]. They were inoculated with 6 mL of Alfaxalone (Alfaxan multidose, Careside, Seongnam, Republic of Korea) per animal to induce general anesthesia, followed by 3 mL of succinylcholine (Succipharm, Komipharm, Siheung, Republic of Korea), and their axillary and/or subclavian arteries were cut for bleeding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the Gut Microbiota in Pigs Infected with African Swine Fever Virus

Tark

Moon

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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The factors that influence the pathogenicity of African swine fever (ASF) are still poorly understood, and the host’s immune response has been indicated as crucial. Although an increasing number of studies have shown that gut microbiota can control the progression of diseases caused by viral infections, it has not been characterized how the ASF virus (ASFV) changes a pig’s gut microbiome. This study analyzed the dynamic changes in the intestinal microbiome of pigs experimentally infected with the high-virulence ASFV genotype II strain (N = 4) or mock strain (N = 3). Daily fecal samples were collected from the pigs and distributed into the four phases (before infection, primary phase, clinical phase, and terminal phase) of ASF based on the individual clinical features of the pigs. The total DNA was extracted and the V4 region of the 16 s rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced on the Illumina platform. Richness indices (ACE and Chao1) were significantly decreased in the terminal phase of ASF infection. The relative abundances of short-chain-fatty-acids-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, Roseburia, and Blautia, were decreased during ASFV infection. On the other hand, the abundance of Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes increased. Furthermore, predicted functional analysis using PICRUSt resulted in a significantly reduced abundance of 15 immune-related pathways in the ASFV-infected pigs. This study provides evidence for further understanding the ASFV–pig interaction and suggests that changes in gut microbiome composition during ASFV infection may be associated with the status of immunosuppression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the Gut Microbiota in Pigs Infected with African Swine Fever Virus

Tark

Moon

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Hemodynamics. A total of 10 ml of 4˚C saline was injected into the right atrium through the central venous catheter at 0 (baseline), 2, 6, 12 and 24 h to determine CO using the thermodilution method (18). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was calculated by the monitor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ulinastatin on renal perfusion evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography in a porcine model of septic shock

Hang

Guo

et al. 2021

Exp Ther Med

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on renal perfusion using Doppler ultrasonography in a porcine model of septic shock induced by smoking inhalation and live methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus instillation. A total of 32 healthy Landrace pigs were randomly assigned into the following four groups: Sham group (SH; n=5), septic shock group (SS; n=9), septic shock treated with vancomycin (15 mg/kg) group (VAN; n=9) and septic shock treated with UTI (50,000 U/kg) + vancomycin (UTI; n=9) group. Renal perfusion was evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) at baseline and at the end of the protocol (24 h). The spectrum of interlobar or arcuate artery was selected to calculate the corrected resistive index (cRI). Sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles were bolus injected via a venous catheter. The peak intensity (Pi) and area under curve (AUC) were calculated using a time-intensity curve. Compared with the baseline group, cRI was increased significantly at the end of the protocol, except for that in the SH group, whereas Pi decreased significantly after injury in all experimental groups but was higher in the UTI group compared with that in the SS and VAN groups (both P<0.001). Linear correlation was found between the cardiac output (CO) and Pi (R 2 =0.752; P<0.001). The AUC was significantly decreased after injury in the SS and VAN groups compared with the baseline group. All parameters detected by CEUS were improved in the UTI group, and significant differences were found between the UTI and SS or VAN group (all P<0.05). In conclusion, acute renal injury, which occasionally occurs during septic shock, is accompanied with a significantly lower perfusion rate in the renal microcirculation. By contrast, UTI can significantly improve renal perfusion, which can be reliably evaluated using CEUS.

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“…Kata-kata kunci: mencit; vaksin DNA; ASF; polimer; ELISA PENDAHULUAN Penyakit Demam Babi Afrika (African Swine Fever/ASF) adalah penyakit virus pada babi dengan tingkat kematian tinggi sampai 100% (Oura dan Arias, 2021). Penyakit ASF ini menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar bagi peternak babi (Ayanwale et al, 2022;Gallardo et al, 2017;Hershey et al, 2021). Vaksin terhadap penyakit ASF ini hingga kini sedang dalam masa pengembangan (Zhang et al, 2023).…”

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Respons Imun Mencit terhadap Vaksin DNA Virus Demam Babi Afrika A224L dan A276R dengan Enkapsulasi Lipofektamin, Kolesterol dan Polimer

Kamil,

Mahardika,

Suardana

2024

juvet

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A vaccine against African Swine Fever (ASF) is urgently needed to reduce losses for pig farmers throughout the world. The study was aimed to test the immune response of mice to an ASF-DNA vaccine with the A224L and A276R genes with polymer, lipofectamine, and cholesterol adjuvants. Each mouse was vaccinated intramuscularly with 25 μg of plasmid encapsulated with the above adjuvants. Mouse sera were collected at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4. Antibodies against A224L and A276R were detected by ELISA test using synthetic peptides as antigens. Optical density (OD) values were analysed statistically using the Analysis of Variance test with the SPSS Version 25. The results showed that the OD values of the serum of mice given the ASF-A224L and A276R DNA vaccines with polymer adjuvants (0.149), lipofectamine (0.080), and cholesterol (0.058), as well as control mice (0.020) differed significantly (p= 0.000), while the time of serum collection had no significant effect (p=0.517). The conclusion is that the OD values of mice sera after DNA-ASF-A224L and A276R encapsulated with polymer, lipofectamine and cholesterol were statistically significant, while sampling time did not show any statistically difference. Further studies are needed to improve the adjuvant mixing protocol with larger quantities of plasmids.Keywords:mice; DNA vaccine; ASF; polymer; ELISA

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Clinical Indicators of Moribundity in Swine Experimentally Inoculated with African Swine Fever Virus

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Alteration of the Gut Microbiota in Pigs Infected with African Swine Fever Virus

Alteration of the Gut Microbiota in Pigs Infected with African Swine Fever Virus

Effects of ulinastatin on renal perfusion evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography in a porcine model of septic shock

Respons Imun Mencit terhadap Vaksin DNA Virus Demam Babi Afrika A224L dan A276R dengan Enkapsulasi Lipofektamin, Kolesterol dan Polimer

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