Abstract:Background: This study characterized and compared the molecular profiles of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1, a marker of T-cell differentiation), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated interferon signaling pathway, and immune checkpoints in the different histological stages of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), aiming the investigation of these biomarkers as a criterion of clinical response to immunotherapy. Methods: Seventy-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of bladder were obtained from 3… Show more
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