Clinical Impacts of Interventions for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Recently, physical activity has increasingly become the focus in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD) because it is a strong predictor of COPD-related mortality. In addition, sedentary behavior, which is included as a category of physical inactivity including such behaviors as sitting or lying down, has an independent clinical impact on COPD patients. The present review examines clinical data related to physical activity, focusing on the definition, associated factors, beneficial effects, and biological mechanisms in patients with COPD and with respect to human health regardless of COPD. The data related to how sedentary behavior is associated with human health and COPD outcomes are also examined. Lastly, possible interventions to improve physical activity or sedentary behavior, such as bronchodilators and pulmonary rehabilitation with behavior modification, to ameliorate the pathophysiology of COPD patients are described. A better understanding of the clinical impact of physical activity or sedentary behavior may lead to the planning of a future intervention study to establish high-level evidence.

Physically Active Lifestyle Attenuates Impairments on Lung Function and Mechanics in Hypertensive Older Adults

“…SAH is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, with a long asymptomatic course, which requires changes in lifestyle, adding to physical activity [ 6 , 7 , 10 , 19 , 21 ]. Therefore, the management of hypertension in sedentary older adults is an important challenge in healthcare, as hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and other chronic conditions.…”

“…A very strong association was also observed between the presence of pulmonary problems with hypertensive older adults and physical inactivity. Impaired pulmonary function and mechanics in older adults’ people with hypertension suggest that the lungs are also a “target organ” of hypertension [ 7 , 10 , 21 ]. Our results propose that the association of physical inactivity with arterial hypertension remains significant and that the older adults who have hypertension and perform physical activity have more preserved lung function and mechanics.…”

“…In hypertensive older adults, lack of exercise can result in a reduction in lung capacity and respiratory efficiency [ 6 ]. In addition, such a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia [ 7 ]. Furthermore, hypertension can aggravate these conditions due to increased heart work and pressure on the pulmonary blood vessels [ 2 ].…”

“…Additionally, acute respiratory conditions are the primary reason for hospitalization in individuals with chronic health issues [ 9 ]. Engaging in consistent exercise has been proven to provide various health advantages, especially in reducing the harmful impacts of long-term illnesses [ 6 , 7 ]. More precisely, engaging in physical activity can boost cardiovascular health by decreasing blood pressure, enhancing endothelial function, and reducing inflammation [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Heart condition determination based on MET value to NYHA Classification and abnormal ST segment identification

“…The metabolic equivalent quantifies the intensity of physical activity which means for healthy person, certain physical activity produces a standard range of MET values. MET values of 1.0-1.5 is called sedentary, less than 3.0 MET is for light intensity physical activity, 3.0-6.0 MET is for moderate intensity physical activity and more than 6.0 MET representing vigorous intensity physical activity [30,31,32]. Whereas, the NYHA functional capacity suggested limitation to perform physical activity in each of the classes corresponding to usual symptoms which are fatigue, palpitation and dyspnea, when doing ordinary activity.…”