Clinical helminthiases in Thailand border regions show elevated prevalence levels using qPCR diagnostics combined with traditional microscopic methods

Adisakwattana, Poom; Yoonuan, Tippayarat; Phuphisut, Orawan; Poodeepiyasawat, Akkarin; Homsuwan, Nirundorn; Gordon, Catherine A.; McManus, Donald P.; Atkinson, Louise E.; Mousley, Angela; Gobert, Geoffrey N.

doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04290-0

Cited by 12 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Southeast Asia carries the STH infection burden where almost one-third of global helminthiases are recorded [ 4 ]. Strongyloides stercoralis , Opisthorchis viverrini , hookworm, Ascaris and Trichuris are major endemic species in Northern Thailand [ 5 , 6 ]. Many of these helminth infections have a systemic impact on human health via interactions with the host immune response [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical helminth infections alter host gut and saliva microbiota

et al. 2022

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Background Previous reports show altered gut bacterial profiles are associated with helminth infected individuals. Our recently published molecular survey of clinical helminthiases in Thailand border regions demonstrated a more comprehensive picture of infection prevalence when Kato Katz microscopy and copro-qPCR diagnostics were combined. We revealed that Opisthorchis viverrini, hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were the most predominant helminth infections in these regions. In the current study, we have profiled the faecal and saliva microbiota of a subset of these helminth infected participants, in order to determine if microbial changes are associated with parasite infection. Methods A subset of 66 faecal samples from Adisakwattana et al., (2020) were characterised for bacterial diversity using 16S rRNA gene profiling. Of these samples a subset of 24 participant matched saliva samples were also profiled for microbiota diversity. Sequence data were compiled, OTUs assigned, and diversity and abundance analysed using the statistical software Calypso. Results The data reported here indicate that helminth infections impact on both the host gut and oral microbiota. The profiles of faecal and saliva samples, irrespective of the infection status, were considerably different from each other, with more alpha diversity associated with saliva (p-value≤ 0.0015). Helminth infection influenced the faecal microbiota with respect to specific taxa, but not overall microbial alpha diversity. Conversely, helminth infection was associated with increased saliva microbiota alpha diversity (Chao 1 diversity indices) at both the genus (p-value = 0.042) and phylum (p-value = 0.026) taxa levels, compared to uninfected individuals. Elevated individual taxa in infected individuals saliva were noted at the genus and family levels. Since Opisthorchis viverrini infections as a prominent health concern to Thailand, this pathogen was examined separately to other helminths infections present. Individuals with an O. viverrini mono-infection displayed both increases and decreases in genera present in their faecal microbiota, while increases in three families and one order were also observed in these samples. Discussion In this study, helminth infections appear to alter the abundance of specific faecal bacterial taxa, but do not impact on overall bacterial alpha or beta diversity. In addition, the faecal microbiota of O. viverrini only infected individuals differed from that of other helminth single and dual infections. Saliva microbiota analyses of individuals harbouring active helminth infections presented increased levels of both bacterial alpha diversity and abundance of individual taxa. Our data demonstrate that microbial change is associated with helminthiases in endemic regions of Thailand, and that this is reflected in both faecal and saliva microbiota. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an altered saliva microbiota in helminth infected individuals. This work may provide new avenues for improved diagnostics; and an enhanced understanding of both helminth infection pathology and the interplay between helminths, bacteria and their host.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study, we demonstrated more accurate helminth infection prevalence data in a Southeast Asia cohort study using molecular diagnostics [ 6 ]. Here, using this diagnostic information, we present the impact that active helminth infections have on the host faecal and saliva microbiomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical helminth infections alter host gut and saliva microbiota

et al. 2022

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“…Tha Song Yang District is an endemic area for the IPIs, including amoebic dysentery and helminthic infections (Adisakwattana et al, 2020). However, their actual prevalence, risk factors, and specific intervention were under-reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province at the Thai-Myanmar border, was the highest contributor of the IPI cases, including bloody diarrhea or amoebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica (Bureau of Epidemiology, 2019). Prevalence of intestinal helminthic infection of Tha Song Yang was 18%, and predominantly by Opisthorchis viverrini (18.34%), hookworm (6.88%), Ascaris lumbricoides (2.29%) and Trichuris trichiura (1.76%) (Adisakwattana et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal prevalence, risk factors, and One Health intervention for prevention of intestinal parasitic infection in underprivileged communities on the Thai-Myanmar border

Pawestri

Thima

Leetachewa

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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“…To detect and quantify helminth infections, Kato-Katz was performed. A thick smear was prepared from the fresh stool according to the manufacturer's instructions (Kato-Katz kit, Mahidol University, Thailand) [40]. Infection intensity was stratified into light, moderate or heavy according to WHO cut-offs [41].…”

Section: Fecal Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome of Helminth Infected Indigenous Malaysians Is Context Dependent

Tee

Easton

et al. 2022

Preprint

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While microbiomes in industrialized societies are well characterized, indigenous populations with traditional lifestyles have microbiomes that are more akin to those of ancient humans. However, metagenomic data in these populations remains scarce and the association with soil-transmitted helminth infection status is unclear. Here, we sequenced 650 metagenomes of indigenous Malaysians from 5 villages with different prevalence of helminth infections. Individuals from villages with higher prevalence of helminth infections have more unmapped reads and greater microbial diversity. Microbial community diversity and composition were most strongly associated with different villages and the effects of helminth infection status on the microbiome varies by village. Longitudinal changes in the microbiome in response to albendazole anthelmintic treatment was observed in both helminth infected and uninfected individuals. Inference of bacterial population replication rates from origin of replication analysis identified specific replicating taxa associated with helminth infection. Our results indicated that helminth effects on the microbiota was highly dependent on context and effects of albendazole on the microbiota can be confounding for the interpretation of deworming studies. Furthermore, a substantial quantity of the microbiome remains undescribed and this large dataset from indigenous populations associated with helminth infections should facilitate characterization of the disappearing microbiome from developed industrialized societies.

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Clinical helminthiases in Thailand border regions show elevated prevalence levels using qPCR diagnostics combined with traditional microscopic methods

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Clinical helminth infections alter host gut and saliva microbiota

Clinical helminth infections alter host gut and saliva microbiota

Seasonal prevalence, risk factors, and One Health intervention for prevention of intestinal parasitic infection in underprivileged communities on the Thai-Myanmar border

Gut Microbiome of Helminth Infected Indigenous Malaysians Is Context Dependent

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