“…The duration of fever among the five cases was 1–3 days, in range with the data reported on patients infected with the H275Y mutant virus during the 2013–2014 season in Hokkaido, Japan [17]. Kakuya et al demonstrated in a small number of pediatric patients that oseltamivir and peramivir retain the clinical effectiveness against the H275Y mutant virus [17]. In contrast, we have previously shown that children less than 6 years of age infected with the seasonal H275Y A(H1N1) virus had delayed fever resolution compared with those infected with the sensitive virus [18].…”
Section: Textsupporting
confidence: 82%
“…All patients started the treatment within 48 h of fever onset and fully recovered without complications. The duration of fever among the five cases was 1–3 days, in range with the data reported on patients infected with the H275Y mutant virus during the 2013–2014 season in Hokkaido, Japan [17]. Kakuya et al demonstrated in a small number of pediatric patients that oseltamivir and peramivir retain the clinical effectiveness against the H275Y mutant virus [17].…”
We report five cases of community- and hospital-acquired infections with oseltamivir- and peramivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses possessing the neuraminidase (NA) H275Y mutation during January–February 2016 in Japan. One case was hospitalized and was receiving oseltamivir for prophylaxis. The remaining four cases were not taking antiviral drugs at the time of sampling. These cases were geographically distant and epidemiologically unrelated. The five viruses showed ~300-fold rise in IC50 values against oseltamivir and peramivir, defined as highly reduced inhibition according to the WHO definition. Overall, the prevalence of the H275Y A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was 1.8 % (5/282). The resistant viruses possessed the V241I, N369 K, and N386 K substitutions in the NA that have been previously reported among A(H1N1)pdm09 to alter transmission fitness. Analysis of Michaelis constant (Km) revealed that two of the isolates had reduced NA affinity to MUNANA, while the other three isolates displayed a slightly decreased affinity compared to the sensitive viruses. Further studies are needed to monitor the community spread of resistant viruses and to assess their transmissibility.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11262-016-1396-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…The duration of fever among the five cases was 1–3 days, in range with the data reported on patients infected with the H275Y mutant virus during the 2013–2014 season in Hokkaido, Japan [17]. Kakuya et al demonstrated in a small number of pediatric patients that oseltamivir and peramivir retain the clinical effectiveness against the H275Y mutant virus [17]. In contrast, we have previously shown that children less than 6 years of age infected with the seasonal H275Y A(H1N1) virus had delayed fever resolution compared with those infected with the sensitive virus [18].…”
Section: Textsupporting
confidence: 82%
“…All patients started the treatment within 48 h of fever onset and fully recovered without complications. The duration of fever among the five cases was 1–3 days, in range with the data reported on patients infected with the H275Y mutant virus during the 2013–2014 season in Hokkaido, Japan [17]. Kakuya et al demonstrated in a small number of pediatric patients that oseltamivir and peramivir retain the clinical effectiveness against the H275Y mutant virus [17].…”
We report five cases of community- and hospital-acquired infections with oseltamivir- and peramivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses possessing the neuraminidase (NA) H275Y mutation during January–February 2016 in Japan. One case was hospitalized and was receiving oseltamivir for prophylaxis. The remaining four cases were not taking antiviral drugs at the time of sampling. These cases were geographically distant and epidemiologically unrelated. The five viruses showed ~300-fold rise in IC50 values against oseltamivir and peramivir, defined as highly reduced inhibition according to the WHO definition. Overall, the prevalence of the H275Y A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was 1.8 % (5/282). The resistant viruses possessed the V241I, N369 K, and N386 K substitutions in the NA that have been previously reported among A(H1N1)pdm09 to alter transmission fitness. Analysis of Michaelis constant (Km) revealed that two of the isolates had reduced NA affinity to MUNANA, while the other three isolates displayed a slightly decreased affinity compared to the sensitive viruses. Further studies are needed to monitor the community spread of resistant viruses and to assess their transmissibility.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11262-016-1396-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…However, there was no difference in the clinical course or duration of intubation and admission, when compared with the five other cases. Resistance to oseltamivir is reportedly not associated with duration of fever in the patients with H1N1pdm09 infection [25]; however, evidence regarding the association with respiratory distress is lacking.…”
“…Only one report is available at the moment regarding the efficacy of peramivir treatment against H275Y mutant A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Kakuya et al demonstrated in a small number of pediatric patients that oseltamivir and peramivir can retain some clinical effectiveness against the H275Y mutant virus, in a community outbreak in Hokkaido, Japan during the 2013–2014 season [94]. To retain the optimal concentration in blood and the upper respiratory tract in these children, two IV peramivir doses per day (5 or 10 mg/kg at every 12 h) are preferable based on the PK/PD dynamic models [90].…”
Section: National Influenza Surveillancementioning
Opinion statementInfluenza management and surveillance programs in Japan possess several unique features. The national influenza surveillance is affiliated with National Epidemiological Surveillance for Infectious Diseases (NESID) and features sentinel outpatient surveillance, virological surveillance, and reports on hospitalization, mortality, and influenza-associated encephalopathy. Of note, information on the number of student absences and class/grade/school closures due to influenza are also reported to the government and made publically available. A private online influenza surveillance portal by volunteer doctors provides a real-time information source for the Japanese clinicians and the general public. For influenza treatment, three classes of drugs are approved and covered by national medical insurance in Japan: M2 inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), and a polymerase inhibitor. Four NAIs, oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir, and peramivir, are licensed in Japan and are prescribed to seven to eight million patients annually. NAIs are prescribed to any influenza outpatient rather than being limited to severe cases. The majority (80–95 %) of patients start the treatment within 48 h of onset. Laninamivir and peramivir were used almost solely in Japan, until the approval of the latter drug by the FDA. Observational studies showed that the two drugs have equal effectiveness as oseltamivir and zanamivir. The Japanese approach to influenza surveillance and management has facilitated bringing new influenza antivirals to the markets and has driven innovative research in this field. New classes of antivirals, including polymerase inhibitors and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor, provide novel tools for treatment of influenza in Japan and the rest of the world.
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