Clinical Features of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Metabolic, behavioral health, and disordered eating comorbidities associated with obesity in pediatric patients: An Obesity Medical Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement 2022

“…Imaging technology is a top evaluation method for NAFLD. Recommended technologies include [ 104 , [107] , [108] , [109] , [110] ]: Liver ultrasound: however, this method has suboptimal sensitivity and specificity Magnetic resonance imagery (MRI)-proton density fat fraction, which also detects steatosis Transient elastography is highly reliable with a low failure rate and high intra- and inter-operator reproducibility for assessment of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis Magnetic resonance elastography, which also detects fibrosis …”

“…Approximately 15% of children with NAFLD have advanced fibrosis at diagnosis. Children with NAFLD should be evaluated for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and T2DM [ [104] , [105] , [106] ].…”

“…NAFLD is often asymptomatic, but clinical signs may include acanthosis nigricans and hepatomegaly. One in six adolescents with NAFLD have depression, which is correlated with worse liver chemistries; one in eight adolescents with NAFLD have anxiety [ 104 , 119 ].…”

Highland barley β-glucan supplementation attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation in Western diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice by modulating gut microbiota

“…In terms of pathogenesis, the "multiple hits" theory is widely accepted, which suggests numerous causes of NAFLD, including genetic background, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism, and environmental factors, such as unhealthy diet and an imbalanced composition of gut microbiota. [6][7][8] Recent studies have strongly suggested that gut microbiota, a key factor among the "multiple hits", plays a vital role in the progression of NAFLD. [9][10][11][12] The human gut microbiota consists of 10 to 100 trillion microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists.…”