Clinical Features of Encephalopathy in Children With Cancer Requiring Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Lim, Yeon Jung; Kim, Hyungjin; Lee, Young-Jun; Seol, In-Joon; Lee, Young-Ho

doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.01.007

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As previously reported, these complications can occur as emergencies that require a prompt diagnosis and quick intervention in order to avoid severe clinical consequences. 6 -8 Our results confirmed that clinical signs/symptoms are usually nonspecific, and neuroimaging is mandatory to obtain a correct diagnosis. MRI remains the mainstay of brain and spine imaging in the pediatric age; we suggest performing an MRI when available and if allowed by the patient’s conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Computed Tomography in Acute Severe Central Nervous System Complications in Children Treated for Cancer: Still a Useful Diagnostic Tool in the Emergency Setting

et al. 2020

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We retrospectively checked patients who underwent chemotherapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from 2007 to 2016, in order to evaluate whether early computed tomography is useful in children treated for cancer with acute central nervous system complications. Out of a total sample of 443 patients, 52 children (11.7%) presented these complications. In the end, 31 patients were included, with a total of 33 events of central nervous system complications. The computed tomography was abnormal in 22 events (67%) and diagnostic for a specific complication in 20 events (61%), whereas it directly influenced the treatment in 16 events (48%). Computed tomography should be still considered a relevant diagnostic tool in the management of acute central nervous system complications in the emergency setting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Computed Tomography in Acute Severe Central Nervous System Complications in Children Treated for Cancer: Still a Useful Diagnostic Tool in the Emergency Setting

et al. 2020

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“…50 Thus, it is important for the transplant clinician to seriously consider Wernicke’s encephalopathy as a possible cause of neurological symptoms after transplant. 9,43 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Clues to Human Herpesvirus 6 Encephalitis and Wernicke Encephalopathy After Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

et al. 2015

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Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) encephalitis and Wernicke’s encephalopathy are treatable yet frequently undiagnosed causes of encephalopathy in pediatric recipients of allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here we review representative cases of both conditions to highlight specific and relevant neurologic features which prompted effective diagnosis and treatment. Two patients with confusion accompanied by seizures, memory changes, or specific visual hallucinations and HHV6 detectable by PCR in cerebrospinal fluid had improvement in viral load with ganciclovir or foscarnet treatment. Two patients had confusion, ataxia, or ocular changes and low serum thiamine levels, which resolved with parenteral thiamine. In all cases, definitive diagnosis and treatment were facilitated by a high index of suspicion and search for specific pathognomonic neurologic deficits accompanying the confusional state. It is critical to clinically differentiate these two conditions from other common neurologic syndromes occurring after transplant, allowing potentially improved patient outcomes by prompt diagnosis, and effective treatment.

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“…PRES is a consequence of increased blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction with subsequent blood-brain barrier damage and of the subsequent cerebral vasogenic edema. Both hypertension and higher seizure susceptibility of the brain may be caused by cytotoxic effects of anti-cancer drugs [11,12]. is 7-fold increased relative to the general population [6][7][8].…”

Section: Chemotherapy-induced Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical mental confusion is an initial manifestation, with rapid deterioration [12]. MRI findings include the symmetrical T2-hyperintensity of the medial thalami, mamillary bodies, tectal plate, periaqueductal area, and floor of the fourth ventricle ( Fig.…”

Section: Metabolic Nutritional Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain MRI Findings in Neurological Complications of Cancer Treatment

Cabaj¹,

Bekiesińska‐Figatowska²,

Duczkowska³

et al. 2016

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Clinical Features of Encephalopathy in Children With Cancer Requiring Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Computed Tomography in Acute Severe Central Nervous System Complications in Children Treated for Cancer: Still a Useful Diagnostic Tool in the Emergency Setting

Computed Tomography in Acute Severe Central Nervous System Complications in Children Treated for Cancer: Still a Useful Diagnostic Tool in the Emergency Setting

Diagnostic Clues to Human Herpesvirus 6 Encephalitis and Wernicke Encephalopathy After Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Brain MRI Findings in Neurological Complications of Cancer Treatment

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