Clinical Features of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in Young Patients

Abstract

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease. Central RVO (CRVO), in which obstruction occurs posterior to the lamina cribrosa due to various causes, manifests with extensive venous tortuosity, dilatation of blood vessels in the four quadrants, and retinal hemorrhage. The presence of macular edema decreases visual acuity in patients with CRVO, especially in elderly patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. In the last decade, treatment modalities for CRVO have improved, with antivascular endothelial growth factor agents being widely used as treatment. However, there are cases of refractory or recurrent macular edema. Moreover, CRVO also occurs in young patients. This article reviews previous studies and case reports and summarizes the differences in etiological factors, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis between young and elderly patients. Due to the low incidence of CRVO in young patients, clinical data from these age groups are limited. Hence, further studies are warranted to explore the differences between age groups to improve individualization of treatment of young patients.

Cumulative effect of metabolic syndrome on the risk of retinal vein occlusion in young patients: A nationwide population-based study

“…Younger patients with RVO have a variable clinical course [ 22 , 23 ]. Although young patients with RVO generally have a better visual prognosis [ 7 , 24 – 28 ], at least 20% of patients are known to develop poor visual outcomes with severe neovascular complications [ 10 , 29 ].…”

Cumulative effect of metabolic syndrome on the risk of retinal vein occlusion in young patients: a nationwide population-based study

“…12,13 Younger patients with RVO have a variable clinical course. 14,15 Although young patients with RVO generally have a better visual prognosis, 7,16−20 at least 20% of patients are known to develop poor visual outcomes with severe neovascular complications. 10,21 Therefore, identifying factors associated with the development of RVO in young subjects would be of great value.…”

Research progress on diagnosing retinal vascular diseases based on artificial intelligence and fundus images

“…According to the location of vein occlusion, RVO is mainly divided into central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), of which branch occlusion is the most common ( Miao et al, 2022 ). In the early stage, the symptoms are characterized by a sudden loss of vision to varying degrees; mild patients may have no symptoms or only a little shadow ( Pur et al, 2023 ), and with the progression of the disease, RVO patients have serious visual impairment ( Zhang X. T et al, 2022 ; Sood et al, 2022 ). Typical fundus changes in RVO patients include retinal hemorrhage, tortuous retinal vein dilatation, extensive retinal capillary non-perfusion area, and macular edema ( Irgat and Ozcura, 2023 ).…”