Clinical features of acute gastroenteritis associated with rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses, and bacteria.

Uhnoo, Ingrid; Olding-Stenkvist, Elisabeth; Kreuger, A

doi:10.1136/adc.61.8.732

Cited by 103 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The reporting of vomiting in our study was significantly higher in RV-positive than RV-negative children, which is consistent with earlier reports 23,36,37…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under 5 years in the Kingdom of Bahrain: hospital-based surveillance

Musawi¹,

Zainaldeen²,

Shafi³

et al. 2013

CLEP

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PurposeRotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age worldwide. This study assessed the role of RV as a cause of gastroenteritis (GE)-associated hospitalization in children, generating baseline information to evaluate the potential impact of the RV vaccine in reducing RVGE disease burden in the Kingdom of Bahrain.MethodsThis single, pediatric hospital-based surveillance study was conducted over a period of 12 months beginning April 1, 2006. A total of 314 children aged under 5 years and hospitalized due to GE were enrolled in the study, following collection of written informed consent from parents/guardians. Stool samples were tested for the presence of RV using enzyme immunoassay, and a random subset of RV-positive samples was further genotyped using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridization assay.ResultsOf 314 enrolled children, 239 were included in the final analysis. RV was detected in 107 children (44.8%), mostly in the 6–23 months age group (82/107; 76.6%). RVGE occurred throughout the year, with the highest proportion occurring during April (26/42; 61.9%). G1P[8[ was the most commonly detected RV strain (10/17; 58.8%) in the limited number of samples analyzed. Vomiting and severe RVGE were more commonly observed in RV-positive than RV-negative children before hospitalization (P = 0.0008 and 0.0204, respectively).ConclusionIn our study, RV accounted for over 40% of GE-associated hospitalizations and particularly affected children under 2 years of age. These data will serve as a baseline for assessing the potential changes in the epidemiology of RV disease and for evaluating the potential impact of the introduction of RV vaccination.

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“…The reporting of vomiting in our study was significantly higher in RV-positive than RV-negative children, which is consistent with earlier reports 23,36,37…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under 5 years in the Kingdom of Bahrain: hospital-based surveillance

Musawi¹,

Zainaldeen²,

Shafi³

et al. 2013

CLEP

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“…Rotavirus infection induces fever 65 and is commonly associated with malaise. In general, fever is an acute-phase immune response that is regulated by the hypothalamus and is usually accompanied by inactivity, sleepiness, depression and reduced intake of food and water 66 .…”

Section: Mechanisms/pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus infection

Crawford

Ramani

Tate

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Dis Primers

537

558

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Rotavirus infections are a leading cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age. Despite the global introduction of vaccinations for rotavirus over a decade ago, rotavirus infections still result in >200,000 deaths annually, mostly in low-income countries. Rotavirus primarily infects enterocytes and induces diarrhoea through the destruction of absorptive enterocytes (leading to malabsorption), intestinal secretion stimulated by rotavirus non-structural protein 4 and activation of the enteric nervous system. In addition, rotavirus infections can lead to antigenaemia (which is associated with more severe manifestations of acute gastroenteritis) and viraemia, and rotavirus can replicate in systemic sites, although this is limited. Reinfections with rotavirus are common throughout life, although the disease severity is reduced with repeat infections. The immune correlates of protection against rotavirus reinfection and recovery from infection are poorly understood, although rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A has a role in both aspects. The management of rotavirus infection focuses on the prevention and treatment of dehydration, although the use of antiviral and anti-emetic drugs can be indicated in some cases.

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“…In a survey done in Taiwan, clinical features of enteric adenoviruses types 40 and 41 in children were diarrhea (96.9%), fever (54.7%), vomiting (45.3%), mild dehydration (43.8%), symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (21.9%), and abdominal pain (12.5%) [ 9 ]. Long-lasting diarrhea (mean 10.8 days) was a predominant symptom of enteric adenoviruses in comparison to rotavirus [ 10 ]. In another comparative study, adenovirus gastroenteritis differed from rota- and astrovirus infections by subacute onset, less frequent vomiting, more frequent development of mild and moderate dehydration, and abdominal pains and distension [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric Adenovirus Gastroenteritis in under-Five-Year-Old Children in Iran

Dashti

Ghahremani

Hashempoor

et al. 2016

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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Background. Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major sources of morbidity and mortality among young children in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human adenovirus- (HAdV-) 40 and HAdV-41 in children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in five different health centers of Iran. Methods. In a cross-sectional epidemiological study, we studied 2682 fecal specimens that were collected from children under the age of 5 years in five educational and therapeutic pediatric centers in Iran from February 2012 to February 2013. Samples were tested for HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, using a specific pair of primers in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results. HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 were detected in 132 (5.18%) of the patients with diarrhea. A significantly higher prevalence of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 (58.3%) was observed in children under 12 months of age, compared to other age groups. The male to female ratio was 1.7. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrated that HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 could be considered etiological agents for acute gastroenteritis among children in Iran. The PCR as a rapid test may increase the chance for a relatively mild course of the disease followed by a complete recovery and avoiding administration of unnecessary antibiotics.

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Clinical features of acute gastroenteritis associated with rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses, and bacteria.

Cited by 103 publications

References 18 publications

Rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under 5 years in the Kingdom of Bahrain: hospital-based surveillance

Rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under 5 years in the Kingdom of Bahrain: hospital-based surveillance

Rotavirus infection

Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric Adenovirus Gastroenteritis in under-Five-Year-Old Children in Iran

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