Clinical features and laboratory findings first case of B. 1.617.2 (delta) variant concern (VOC) in Iraq

Essa, Rawand Abdulrahman; Ahmed, Sirwan Khalid; Bapir, Dunya H.; Rasul, Shero A.; Khdir, Awat Alla; Abubakr, Chawan P.

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102814

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…As in many other countries, the delta variant wave began to spread around to many countries [ 13 ], Libya was no exception, in late June a sharp increase in the number of positive samples was attributed to Delta, this was in agreement with our results because the frequency of Delta cases was dominant (using VIASURE SARS CoV-2Variant II assay).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…B.1.617.2, termed as Delta variant by WHO, has since dominated over B.1.617.1 (Kappa variant) and other lineages[ 12 ]. The symptoms of delta infection differ from pre-existing strains, usually starting with flu-like symptoms such as sore throat, headaches, and runny nose before progressing to pneumonia [ 13 ]. Because of the higher transmissibility and mortality rate of the Delta variant, WHO alerted that this variant is rapidly becoming the main dominant strain of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variant-specific RT-qPCR for rapid screening of B.1.617 mutations in SARS-CoV-2

Jallul¹,

Ibrahim²,

Zaghdani³

et al. 2022

Libyan Journal of Medicine

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The continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants required rapid and reliable diagnostic methods for early detection and monitoring of the spread of the virus, especially in low-resource countries where whole genome sequencing is not available. We aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of two different RT-qPCR screening assays for the detection of B.1.617 lineage mutations. A total of 85 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were collected between 9 th August and 10 September 2021 and screened by two mutation-specific RT-qPCR assays for simultaneous detection of B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 lineage mutations. VIASURE Variant II PCR assay identified 2 Delta variant-specific mutations (L452R, and P681 R) in 80% of tested samples, while the PKamp™ Variant Detect™ assay was only able to detect one Delta variant specific mutation (L452R) in 75% of tested samples. This is the first report to show the Delta variant as the cause of the third wave in Libya. The use of multiplex RT-qPCR assays has allowed the identification of new variants for rapid screening. However, RT-qPCR results should be confirmed by whole genome sequencing of SARS-COV-2.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variant-specific RT-qPCR for rapid screening of B.1.617 mutations in SARS-CoV-2

Jallul¹,

Ibrahim²,

Zaghdani³

et al. 2022

Libyan Journal of Medicine

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“…Wheezing and coughing were frequently noted clinical signs in infected cats, and these clinical signs tended to be more readily apparent in cats infected with the Delta variant compared to wildtype SARS-CoV-2 [26]. Clinical manifestations of experimental infection were also consistent with symptoms of upper respiratory disease observed in cats naturally infected with the Delta variant [56], and gastrointestinal signs were also observed in 3/12 cats on or after 10 dpi, reflecting similarities in clinical symptoms of humans with Delta infection [57]. While the features of diffuse alveolar damage observed on histology in all infected cats at 4 dpi is similar to our previous studies using wildtype SARS-CoV-2 [26], we also identified evidence of vasculitis and marked peri-bronchial and peri-vascular edema at 4 dpi, suggesting acute vascular injury is a prominent pathologic feature of Delta variant infection in cats as it is in humans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

SARS CoV-2 (Delta Variant) Infection Kinetics and Immunopathogenesis in Domestic Cats

Selvan

Gunasekara

Xiao

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights the critical need for adaptable and translational animal models for acute COVID-19. Limitations to current animal models for SARS CoV-2 (e.g., transgenic mice, non-human primates, ferrets) include subclinical to mild lower respiratory disease, divergence from clinical COVID-19 disease course, and/or the need for host genetic modifications to permit infection. We therefore established a feline model to study COVID-19 disease progression and utilized this model to evaluate infection kinetics and immunopathology of the rapidly circulating Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, specific-pathogen-free domestic cats (n = 24) were inoculated intranasally and/or intratracheally with SARS CoV-2 (B.1.617.2). Infected cats developed severe clinical respiratory disease and pulmonary lesions at 4- and 12-days post-infection (dpi), even at 1/10 the dose of previously studied wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Infectious virus was isolated from nasal secretions of delta-variant infected cats in high amounts at multiple timepoints, and viral antigen was co-localized in ACE2-expressing cells of the lungs (pneumocytes, vascular endothelium, peribronchial glandular epithelium) and strongly associated with severe pulmonary inflammation and vasculitis that were more pronounced than in wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection. RNA sequencing of infected feline lung tissues identified upregulation of multiple gene pathways associated with cytokine receptor interactions, chemokine signaling, and viral protein–cytokine interactions during acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) of differentially expressed genes identified several distinct clusters of dysregulated hub genes that are significantly correlated with both clinical signs and lesions during acute infection. Collectively, the results of these studies help to delineate the role of domestic cats in disease transmission and response to variant emergence, establish a flexible translational model to develop strategies to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and identify potential targets for downstream therapeutic development.

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“…Another study reported the first case of delta variant B.1.617.2 in Iraq which was detected in a 6 years old female who presented at the hospital with fever, headache, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. She was successfully treated and was discharged from the hospital in good condition ( Essa et al, 2021 ). In Bahrain, AlGhoozi et al reported a case where SARS-CoV-2 infection was possibly the trigger of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in a 4 years old boy ( AlGhoozi and AlKhayyat, 2021 ).…”

Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis of COVID-19 in the middle eastern population, knowns and unknowns

Dandachi

Aljabr

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Since its emergence in China in 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected all countries worldwide. The virus is easily transmitted from one person to another via infected aerosols or contaminated surfaces. Unlike its counterparts, the prognosis of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to critical disease or death. Several factors play a role in determining the severity of the disease in infected patients. Among others, is the pre-existence of an underlying medical condition such as diabetes, cancer, and others. Furthermore, although children are less prone to the severe form of the COVID-19 disease, they require attention due to the report of many atypical presentations of the infection, post-asymptomatic exposure. In the Middle East, little is known about the prognosis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk categories, notably patients with diabetes, cancer, and pregnant women. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about this group of population in the middle eastern region as well as to highlight the gap in the literature. We have found that the majority of the papers were from the Gulf countries. Although, few studies were conducted; high-risk patients appear to have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 compared to their counterparts. Higher levels of inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, D-dimer, and ferritin levels were also observed. Children are often asymptomatic or present with atypical presentations. More studies should be conducted to determine the clinical biomarkers of COVID-19 in high-risk categories to help in patient risk stratification and management in the middle eastern population.

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Clinical features and laboratory findings first case of B. 1.617.2 (delta) variant concern (VOC) in Iraq

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Variant-specific RT-qPCR for rapid screening of B.1.617 mutations in SARS-CoV-2

Variant-specific RT-qPCR for rapid screening of B.1.617 mutations in SARS-CoV-2

SARS CoV-2 (Delta Variant) Infection Kinetics and Immunopathogenesis in Domestic Cats

Prognosis of COVID-19 in the middle eastern population, knowns and unknowns

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