Clinical Features and Antibiotic Treatment of Neonatal Listeriosis: A Hospital-Based Study

Abstract

Purpose To determine the clinical features, laboratory findings, antibiotic treatment, and outcomes of neonatal listeriosis in a specialized tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients diagnosed with neonatal listeriosis at Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province from January 2015 to December 2022. Listeriosis was indicated by positive culture for Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Results A total of 11 cases were included in our study. The incidence rate of neonatal listeriosis was 2.06 per 100,000 live births. Seventy-three percent of the cases were born prematurely, caused early onset sepsis. Respiratory distress (100%) was the most common and earliest symptom, followed by fever (64%) and rashes (27%). The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were elevated in 100% of the cases. The median time-to-positivity (TTP) of the culture was 15 hours (range 9–28hours). Of the 11 neonates, 6 were cured, 2 showed improvement, and 3 died, with a mortality rate of 27%. There were statistically significant differences in Apgar score at 5 minutes (p=0.037) and CRP (p=0.025) between the survival group and fatality group. Ampicillin was sensitive to LM isolates and effective for therapy if initiated early. Conclusion Neonatal listeriosis is a rare but severe infection with a high mortality rate. Early identification and appropriate use of effective antibiotics are particularly critical for achieving positive outcomes. Apgar score and CRP are relevant indices for prognosis. Ampicillin is the first-line therapy and can be empirically administered to neonates suspected of having listeriosis.

The impact of different antibiotic injection regimens on patients with severe infections: A meta‐analysis

“…Endocarditis is inflammation of the endocardium caused by bacterial infection, potentially resulting in heart failure and valve damage. In the management of severe infection patients, antibiotic treatment plays a crucial role as it effectively controls the proliferation and spread of infectious pathogens, reduces inflammation, and improves patient survival rates 3 . Nevertheless, due to the diversity of infectious pathogens and the increasing development of resistance, selecting appropriate antibiotic regimens has become a challenging issue.…”

“…In the management of severe infection patients, antibiotic treatment plays a crucial role as it effectively controls the proliferation and spread of infectious pathogens, reduces inflammation, and improves patient survival rates. 3 Nevertheless, due to the diversity of infectious pathogens and the increasing development of resistance, selecting appropriate antibiotic regimens has become a challenging issue. Over time, many bacteria and viruses have gradually developed resistance to antibiotics.…”