Clinical factors associated with bacterial translocation in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo explore clinical factors associated with bacterial translocation in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThe data of 118 patients with T2DM were obtained from two previous clinical studies, and were retrospectively analyzed regarding the clinical parameters associated with bacterial translocation defined as detection of bacteremia and levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), the latter of which is thought to reflect inflammation caused by endotoxemia.ResultsLBP level was not significantly different between patients with and without bacteremia. No clinical factors were significantly correlated with the detection of bacteremia. On the other hand, plasma LBP level was significantly correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.312), fasting blood glucose (r = 0.279), fasting C-peptide (r = 0.265), body mass index (r = 0.371), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.241), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, r = 0.543; and interleukin-6, r = 0.456). Multiple regression analysis identified body mass index, HbA1c, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 as independent determinants of plasma LBP level.ConclusionThe plasma LBP level was similar in patients with and without bacteremia. While both bacteremia and LBP are theoretically associated with bacterial translocation, the detection of bacteremia was not associated with LBP level in T2DM.

Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Chronic Inflammation and the Gut Microbiota in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study

“…Therefore, it remains unknown whether synbiotic administration definitely reduced plasma LPS levels in T2DM. Third, the detection rate (2.4%) of gut bacteria in blood was very low compared with a previous study (22.0%) [13]. Therefore, we could not evaluate the effects of the synbiotic on the translocation of live gut bacteria to the blood.…”

“…Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria, like translocation of gut bacteria, is an inflammatory mediator that contributes to insulin resistance [ 9 , 10 ]. Translocated LPS in the systemic circulation binds to LPS-binding protein (LBP), which is a marker for metabolic syndrome [ 11 , 12 ], and our previous study showed clear positive associations between plasma levels of interleukin-6 and LBP in patients with T2DM [ 13 ]. Furthermore, we found higher plasma LBP levels in T2DM patients with obesity and poor glycemic control [ 13 ].…”

“…Translocated LPS in the systemic circulation binds to LPS-binding protein (LBP), which is a marker for metabolic syndrome [ 11 , 12 ], and our previous study showed clear positive associations between plasma levels of interleukin-6 and LBP in patients with T2DM [ 13 ]. Furthermore, we found higher plasma LBP levels in T2DM patients with obesity and poor glycemic control [ 13 ]. Therefore, a possible therapeutic approach in obese patients with T2DM is to control low-grade chronic inflammation by reducing not only translocation of gut bacteria but also the levels of endotoxins such as LPS.…”

Association between postoperative changes in the gut microbiota and pseudopsia after cardiac surgery: prospective observational study

“…[ 37 ] LPS translocation could be occurring in leaky gut syndrome. LPS could evoke strong systemic inflammation [ 38 , 39 ]. Increased gram-negative bacteria levels in the gut flora could increase LPS translocation.…”

Association between Postoperative Changes in the Gut Microbiota and Pseudopsia After Cardiac Surgery: Prospective observational study.

“…LPS could evoke strong systemic in ammation. [38,39] Increased gram-negative bacteria levels in the gut ora could increase LPS translocation. Some past studies have reported that brain damage is related to gut dysbiosis or endotoxemia.…”