Clinical Experiences with the Use of Indole-3-Pyruvic Acid

Politi, V.; Gallelli, Luca; Gallai, Virgilio; Puca,; Comín, Marina

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_29

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Administration of IPyr reduced anxiety in human patients in a clinical trial, although its mechanism of action was not established [18]. IPyr also attenuated oxidative cellular injury in the brain, but the compound was much less effective at preventing oxidative stress compared with other indole derivatives, such as indole-3-propionate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Protective Effect of Indole-3-Pyruvate against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage to Cultured HaCaT Keratinocytes and the Skin of Hairless Mice

et al. 2014

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Previous investigations demonstrated that pyruvate protects human keratinocytes against cell damage stemming from exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. This study endeavoured to elucidate the protective capacity of aromatic pyruvates (e.g., phenylpyruvate (PPyr), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPyr), and indole-3-pyruvate (IPyr)) against UVB-induced injury to skin cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes were irradiated with UVB light (60 mJ/cm2) and maintained with or without test compounds (1–25 mM). In addition, the dorsal skin of hairless mice (HR-1) was treated with test compounds (100 µmol) and exposed to UVB light (1 J/cm2) for two times. The ability of the test compounds to ameliorate UVB-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation was then assessed. Aromatic pyruvates reduced cytotoxicity in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes, and also diminished the expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). IPyr was more efficacious than either PPyr or HPPyr. Furthermore, only IPyr inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression at both the mRNA and the protein level in UVB-treated keratinocytes. Topical application of IPyr to the dorsal skin of hairless mice reduced the severity of UVB-induced skin lesions, the augmentation of dermal thickness, and transepithelial water loss. Overproduction of IL-1β and IL-6 in response to UVB radiation was also suppressed in vivo by the topical administration of IPyr. These data strongly suggest that IPyr might find utility as a UVB-blocking reagent in therapeutic strategies to lessen UVB-induced inflammatory skin damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Protective Effect of Indole-3-Pyruvate against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage to Cultured HaCaT Keratinocytes and the Skin of Hairless Mice

et al. 2014

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“…For example, I3P has recently been used in a variety of clinical trials to reduce anxiety and induce sleep, with doses as large as 300 mg administered orally to volunteers (Politi et al, 1999). Because we found acidified solutions of I3P to generate agonist activity much more rapidly than solutions of I3P at neutral pH (data not shown), oral administration of I3P would expose I3P to the acidic stomach environment and would introduce a great potential of generating potent AHR agonists within the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Aspartate Aminotransferase Generates Proagonists of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

Bittinger¹,

Nguyen²,

Bradfield³

2003

Mol Pharmacol

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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binds planar aromatic compounds and up-regulates the transcription of a battery of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. To identify proteins involved in the biosynthesis of endogenous AHR ligands, we screened extracts of various mouse tissues for AHR signaling activity. We found heart extract to activate AHR and identified the active component to be the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1). We demonstrate that this transaminase can activate AHR signaling by converting L-tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvate. In turn, indole-3-pyruvate spontaneously reacts in aqueous solution to form a large number of compounds that act as agonists of AHR. Tyrosine and the serotonin-precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan also activate AHR signaling in combination with aspartate aminotransferase, suggesting that 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and 5-hydroxyindolepyruvate also act as proagonists of AHR. This study demonstrates that the known tryptophan metabolic-intermediate indole-3-pyruvate is a proagonist of AHR that reacts in aqueous solution to form a variety of AHR agonists.

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“…The presence of IPA in sugar cane juice can partly confirm the relationship between IAA and IPA. In addition, as IPA has medically useful properties such as bringing relief from anxiety and insomnia [13][14][15][16], sugar cane juice may be a good beverage for people who suffer from sleep related problems. The presence of 3-acetylindole and indole-2-carboxylic acid may provide more potential usage of sugar cane juice besides being the main ingredient for the sugar industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Indole Compounds in Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Juice by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry after Solid-Phase Extraction

Yong

Wong

et al. 2017

Separations

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Simultaneous quantitative analysis of 10 indole compounds, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, one of the most important naturally occurring auxins) and some of its metabolites, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) after solid-phase extraction (SPE) was reported for the first time. The analysis was carried out using a reverse phase HPLC gradient elution, with an aqueous mobile phase (containing 0.1% formic acid) modified by methanol. Furthermore, a novel SPE procedure was developed for the pre-concentration and purification of indole compounds using C 18 SPE cartridges. The combination of SPE, HPLC, and LC-MS was applied to screen for the indole compounds present in sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice, a refreshing beverage with various health benefits. Finally, four indole compounds were successfully detected and quantified in sugar cane juice by HPLC, which were further unequivocally confirmed by LC-MS/MS experiments operating in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.

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Clinical Experiences with the Use of Indole-3-Pyruvic Acid

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Protective Effect of Indole-3-Pyruvate against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage to Cultured HaCaT Keratinocytes and the Skin of Hairless Mice

Protective Effect of Indole-3-Pyruvate against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage to Cultured HaCaT Keratinocytes and the Skin of Hairless Mice

Aspartate Aminotransferase Generates Proagonists of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

Analyses of Indole Compounds in Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Juice by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry after Solid-Phase Extraction

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