Clinical Evidence of Low-Carbohydrate Diets against Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus

Pavlidou, Eleni; Papadopoulou, Sousana K.; Fasoulas, A. C.; Mantzorou, Maria; Giaginis, Constantinos

doi:10.3390/metabo13020240

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The protein/sugar ratio was as high as 15.9. It also contained 25.07% (w/w) of lipid, which has been known to have a low glycemic index; thus, the effect on postprandial glucose and insulin responses is negligible [21,22]. Compared to an example of sugary balls containing 3% protein and 16% sugar [16], the soy ball developed here is high in protein and low in carbohydrates.…”

Section: Nutritional Evaluation Of Soy Ballsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy-Based High-Protein Spheric Foods with the Appearance of Familiar Sugary Snacks

Yano,

Tanaka,

2024

Foods

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Excessive consumption of sugary foods increases the likelihood of obesity, as well as the preventable risk of lifestyle illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Frequent intake of sweet snacks is considered to increase the risk of overweight/obesity in industrial nations. However, we cannot stop snacking against our better judgment. Therefore, in this study, we sought to develop high-protein, low-carb “mock snacks” to satisfy snack lovers’ appetites and nutrition. Soy protein-based, ball-shaped food products with 57.7% (w/w) protein and 3.6% sugar have been developed. The addition of canola oil made them melty in the mouth without sacrificing their crispiness. Moreover, evaluation of the surface topography of the “soy balls” by 3D laser scanning demonstrated their high degree of sphericity. Conclusively, the snacks developed here may be one of the healthy alternatives for the current sugary ones.

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Section: Nutritional Evaluation Of Soy Ballsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy-Based High-Protein Spheric Foods with the Appearance of Familiar Sugary Snacks

Yano,

Tanaka,

2024

Foods

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“…Low-carbohydrate diets have recently received attention from various international scientific organizations due to their feasibility and efficiency in treating mainly obesity and diabetes mellitus [ 4 ]. Low-carbohydrate diets such as KD can decrease insulin fluxes, causing an increased rate of lipolysis and resulting in increased fat breakdown [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several randomized controlled clinical studies showed increased LDL-cholesterol during KD treatment in at least certain patient populations. However, in meta-analyses, the LDL-cholesterol response remained variable [ 4 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Ketogenic Diet with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: A Scoping Review from Basic Research to Clinical Practice

et al. 2023

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Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) has become widespread for the therapy of epileptic pathology in childhood and adulthood. In the last few decades, the current re-emergence of its popularity has focused on the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus. KD also exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, which could be utilized for the therapy of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Purpose: This is a thorough, scoping review that aims to summarize and scrutinize the currently available basic research performed in in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as the clinical evidence of the potential beneficial effects of KD against neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. This review was conducted to systematically map the research performed in this area as well as identify gaps in knowledge. Methods: We thoroughly explored the most accurate scientific web databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to obtain the most recent in vitro and in vivo data from animal studies as well as clinical human surveys from the last twenty years, applying effective and characteristic keywords. Results: Basic research has revealed multiple molecular mechanisms through which KD can exert neuroprotective effects, such as neuroinflammation inhibition, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased amyloid plaque deposition and microglial activation, protection in dopaminergic neurons, tau hyper-phosphorylation suppression, stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing gut microbial diversity, restoration of histone acetylation, and neuron repair promotion. On the other hand, clinical evidence remains scarce. Most existing clinical studies are modest, frequently uncontrolled, and merely assess the short-term impacts of KD. Moreover, several clinical studies had large dropout rates and a considerable lack of compliance assessment, as well as an increased level of heterogeneity in the study design and methodology. Conclusions: KD can exert substantial neuroprotective effects via multiple molecular mechanisms in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric pathological states. Large, long-term, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials with a prospective design are strongly recommended to delineate whether KD may attenuate or even treat neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease development, progression, and symptomatology.

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Mapping the landscape of research on insulin resistance: a visualization analysis of randomized clinical trials

Zyoud

2024

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background Insulin resistance, a condition in which cells do not respond adequately to insulin, plays a crucial role in diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) explore interventions to manage insulin resistance, contributing to evidence-based medical progress. The current study aimed to analyze the global research landscape and trends in RCTs targeting insulin resistance. Methods This study used bibliometric analysis and data visualization to examine RCT publications on insulin resistance from 2003 to 2022. The Scopus database was used due to its comprehensive coverage. The search strategy involved combining terms related to insulin resistance with RCT-related terms. The search query was validated, and core bibliometric indicators were used to analyze publication growth, origin, productivity, quality, and citations. Results Between 2003 and 2022, 1077 RCT-focused publications on insulin resistance were identified from a pool of 24,932 related articles. The growth followed two phases, with a significant increase after 2008. The USA (n = 308; 28.60%), Iran (n = 165; 15.32%), China (n = 110; 10.21%), and the UK (n = 92; 8.54%) were the main contributors. The active institutions included Tehran University of Medical Sciences (n = 38; 3.53%) and Harvard Medical School (n = 31; 2.88%). Prominent funding agencies include the National Institutes of Health (n = 88; 8.17%) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (n = 86; 7.99%). The top journals included the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (n = 44; 4.09%) and Diabetes Care (n = 35; 3.25%). Co-occurrence analysis revealed three clusters addressing “utilizing lipid panels as indicators of insulin resistance,” “analyzing the impact of diet composition and physical activity on insulin sensitivity among obese individuals,” and “exploring insulin resistance in cases of polycystic ovary syndrome.” Conclusions This comprehensive bibliometric analysis highlights the global research landscape and trends in RCTs targeting insulin resistance. Research on lipid panels, diet impact, and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome will continue to be a hotspot. The findings offer valuable information on research priorities, international collaborations, and impactful publications. This study provides a foundation for future directorial investigations in this critical area of metabolic health.

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Clinical Evidence of Low-Carbohydrate Diets against Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Soy-Based High-Protein Spheric Foods with the Appearance of Familiar Sugary Snacks

Soy-Based High-Protein Spheric Foods with the Appearance of Familiar Sugary Snacks

The Relationship of Ketogenic Diet with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: A Scoping Review from Basic Research to Clinical Practice

Mapping the landscape of research on insulin resistance: a visualization analysis of randomized clinical trials

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