Clinical Evidence of Effects of Green Mandarin (Putgyul) Extract on Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Abstract

Green mandarins are widely consumed unripe as mandarin oranges (Citrus unshiu Marcov.), which exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle effects by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was performed to verify the skin improvement efficacy and safety of green mandarin extract (PTE). For the standardization of PTE, narirutin was set as a marker compound, and PTE with a constant narirutin content was prepared for the study. After randomizing subjects with periorbital wrinkles, they were orally administered PTE (300 mg/day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Periorbital wrinkles were measured using PRIMOSCR SF. Skin elasticity, moisture content, transepidermal water loss, and gloss were also measured. In the study results, the depth, volume, and skin roughness of the periorbital wrinkles were significantly improved compared to the control group (p = 0.011, 0.009, and 0.004, respectively). The survey confirmed that the skin condition improved after PTE consumption for 12 weeks. No adverse reactions associated with PTE were observed during the study period. Thus, the results demonstrate that PTE effectively improves UV-induced skin wrinkles. Therefore, it is considered that PTE has sufficient value as a functional food ingredient that can prevent skin aging.

Clinical evidence of the efficacy and safety of a new multi‐peptide anti‐aging topical eye serum

“…Besides, the anti-wrinkle effect of plant extracts has recently attracted extremely interest. [33][34][35] Most aim to slow skin Independently, positive responses to the product-evaluation questionnaire administered at the end of the study confirmed consumer acceptance.…”

“…Previously published studies 30–32 have primarily focused on the combination of peptides with antioxidants for the topical treatment of aging (with enhanced performance compared to antioxidants alone). Besides, the anti‐wrinkle effect of plant extracts has recently attracted extremely interest 33–35 . Most aim to slow skin aging by repairing the disruption and fragmentation of the ECM and preventing the loss of collagen and elastin.…”

Valorization of Citrus peels: GC/MS‐based metabolites profiling, multivariate analysis, and antiaging potential

“…[22,23] Research has indicated that the application of Citrus has shown anti-inflammatory and photoaging properties in human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. [24] The antioxidant properties of the phenolic compounds may help improve the skin barrier function. [25] Citrus essential oils are potentially anticipated to be employed in numerous pharmaceutical preparation such as skin-whitening ingredients in confectioneries, soap and so on, perfumery, and cosmetology with citrus-like scents.…”

A novel optical coherence tomography‐based in vitro method of anti‐aging skin analysis using 3D skin wrinkle mimics

“…Thus far, evaluation of any agent for the anti‐aging effects on skin largely depends on three types of strategies 9 : cell experiments, 10 animal experiments, 11 and clinical evaluations 12 . In addition, in vivo Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy are extensively used to observe skin wrinkles and evaluate anti‐aging efficacy.…”

“…8 Thus far, evaluation of any agent for the anti-aging effects on skin largely depends on three types of strategies 9 : cell experiments, 10 animal experiments, 11 and clinical evaluations. 12 In addition, in vivo Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy are extensively used to observe skin wrinkles and evaluate anti-aging efficacy. Despite the advantages of swiftness and cost-effectiveness, cellular experiments have limitations as they cannot directly exhibit anti-aging effects on the skin, including wrinkle improvement.…”