“…We included 24 RCTs comparing triple therapy directly with quadruple therapy [17–40] . Settings included China, [21,26–29,32,35,37–40] , Iran, [19,33,36] Korea, [24] Malaysia, [25] Iraqi, [17] Turkey, [20,22,23,31,34] Kuwait, [18] and a multi-center trial [30] involving France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Spain, and United Kingdom. Relative to triple therapy, bismuth quadruple therapy may improve eradication rate (RCT = 24, N = 7220, RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.09–1.15, moderate quality evidence, see Supplementary Figure 1, http://links.lww.com/CM9/B394).…”