Clinical Evaluation of Proinflammatory Cytokine Inhibitors (sTNFR I, sTNFR II, IL‐1 ra), Anti‐inflammatory Cytokines (IL‐10, IL‐13) and Activation of Neutrophils after Burn‐induced Inflammation

Abstract

The study was aimed at evaluating the involvement of sTNFR I, sTNFR II, IL‐1 ra, IL‐10, IL‐13 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) development in severely burned children and at assessing the prognostic value of the immunological markers studied. The study comprised 37 patients (17 burned children and 20 controls). Serum levels of the markers determined by means of ELISA and respiratory burst of neutrophils as well as p55 and p75 tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) receptor expression using flow cytometry were evaluated twice. The burned children presented significantly higher levels of IL‐10 and cytokine inhibitors within the first 6–24 h after injury compared with controls (P < 0.05). The decreased oxygen metabolism of neutrophils and increased TNF‐α receptor expression were found on admission. Moreover, a significant decrease in initially high sTNFR I, sTNFR II, IL‐1 ra, IL‐10, IL‐13 concentrations (P < 0.05) and reduced expression of TNF‐α receptors (P < 0.05) were observed after burn therapy, whereas ROS generation evidently augmented (P < 0.05). Four of our children who developed hypovolaemic shock revealed a significantly lower ROS generation and higher concentrations of soluble TNF‐α receptors and IL‐1 ra together with IL‐10, IL‐13 compared with children with good outcome (P < 0.05). Our results revealed the involvement of both ROS, soluble TNF‐α receptors and IL‐1 ra in the development of SIRS in burned children; their monitoring allows for an assessment of the systemic inflammatory reaction activity. The neutrophil BURSTTEST and IL‐1 ra might have been clinically helpful markers of SIRS prognosis.

Predictive Value of IL-8 for Sepsis and Severe Infections After Burn Injury

“…Therefore, it is important to detect infectious complications at an early stage in order to initiate appropriate treatments, decreasing morbidity and mortality. As the severely burned patient is in a hyper-inflammatory state due to physiological reactions to the trauma (33-35), established pro-inflammatory markers such as CRP or IL-6 may have limited utility as biomarkers for specific outcomes (36, 37). Currently, there are no established biomarkers that can detect or monitor infections or sepsis (9, 19).…”

Comparación del contenido fenólico, capacidad antioxidante y actividad antiinflamatoria de infusiones herbales comerciales

“…La inflamación es un proceso dinámico que se inicia en respuesta a daños mecánicos, quemaduras, infecciones microbianas y otros estímulos que pueden afectar el bienestar del individuo (Abbas y Lichtman, 2003;Sikora et al, 2008). Este proceso involucra la síntesis de mediadores locales inflamatorios como las prostaglandinas (PGs) inducidas por la enzima ciclooxigenasa-2 (COX-2).…”

A Comparative Analysis and Systematic Review of the Wound-Healing Milieu: Implications for Body Contouring after Massive Weight Loss

“…37,38 Tumor necrosis factor receptor I (1938 pg/ml) and II (3244 pg/ml), IL-1 (2406 pg/ml), IL-10 (11.7 pg/ml), and IL-13 (65.3 pg/ml) levels increase from baseline within 6 to 24 hours from initial thermal injury (normal values are 949, 2055, 333.4, 5.7, and 65.2 pg/ml, respectively). 39 Fluid collected within 48 hours from partial skin thickness blisters contain elevated concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (0.154 Ϯ 0.0425 ng/ml), IL-6 (2.47 Ϯ 1.158 ng/ml), TGF-␣ (0.684 Ϯ 0.101 ng/ml), and IL-8 (10.21 Ϯ 3.44 ng/ml); and depressed levels of epidermal growth factor (13.98 Ϯ 4.07 pg/ml), basic fibroblast growth factor (12.69 Ϯ 4.70 pg/ml), and IL-1 (0.063 Ϯ 0.0492 ng/ml). 40…”