Clinical evaluation of established optimal immobilizing doses of medetomidine-ketamine in captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Ryeng, Kathrine A.; Larsen, Stig; Ranheim, Birgit; Albertsen, Gunn; Arnemo, Jon M.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.406

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Determining an optimal dosage of an immobilization drug regimen requires the selection of quantifiable dosage-dependent parameters that can be optimized by manipulating the dosage. Induction time is important when immobilizing deer, especially free-ranging deer, because it is related to the distance that the deer may travel before becoming recumbent and thus to the incidence of injury, hyperthermia, or escape (Haigh, 1990;Ryeng et al, 2001a). Induction times have been evaluated in relation to opioid dosage in only a few cervid species (Meulemann et al, 1984;Stanley et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advantages of this design include an elimination of interindividual physiologic variability, more precise identification of an optimal dosage, and the reduction in number of animals and/or immobilizations required to determine an optimal dosage. The use of this technique for opioid dosage selection has not been reported, although it has been applied to the determination of an optimal medetomidine/ketamine dosage in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus; Ryeng et al, 2001a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination and Evaluation of an Optimal Dosage of Carfentanil and Xylazine for the Immobilization of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)

Storms

Schumacher

Zagaya

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Using an iteration method, optimal hand-injected immobilization dosages of carfentanil/xylazine (CAR/XYL) were determined for 13 adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer were temporarily restrained in a squeeze chute and were repeatedly immobilized one to four times at 2-5-wk intervals from December 2002 to March 2003. A fixed ratio of 1 mg CAR:10 mg XYL intramuscularly was used, increasing or decreasing the dosage until the optimal dosage (defined by an induction time < 3 min and PaCO(2)< 60 mmHg) was reached for each animal. Inductions were video-recorded and reviewed by observers blinded to drugs and dosages, who rated qualitative aspects of each induction. There were significant (P < 0.05) dosage-dependent decreases in induction time, time to first effect, PaO(2), SaO(2), and arterial pH, and significant dosage-dependent increases in PaCO(2) and quality ratings. The median optimal dosage (mOD) was 0.03 (range, 0.015-0.06) mg/kg CAR+0.3 (range, 0.15-0.6) mg/kg XYL. Induction times using the mOD were rapid (median 3.0 min [range, 1.8-10.0]), but quality ratings were considered undesirable for nine of 13 deer. Increased rectal body temperatures of 40.6+/-0.5 C (mean +/- SD) were noted in all deer and hyperthermia (T > 41 C) was noted in three. There was a positive correlation between body temperature and induction time (r=0.44). Heart rates significantly decreased from 5 to 15 min postinduction and remained decreased at the 20-min reading; there was occasional bradycardia. There was a significant increase in pH from 10 to 20 min postinduction, but metabolic acidemia (pH<7.3) persisted throughout the immobilization periods for all deer. Possible hypoxemia (SaO(2) and SpO(2)<90 mmHg but PaO(2)>60 mmHg) was present after induction, while hypercapnea (PaCO(2) > 60 mmHg) did not occur. Reversal times with naltrexone and yohimbine were rapid (mean 3.7+/-1.5 min) and uneventful, with no evidence of renarcotization. Although the median optimal dosage produced rapid inductions, no respiratory depression, complete reversal after antagonist administration, and no renarcotization, negative attributes included elevated body temperatures, acidemia, and undesirable induction qualities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination and Evaluation of an Optimal Dosage of Carfentanil and Xylazine for the Immobilization of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)

Storms

Schumacher

Zagaya

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Control animals R1 (respiratory group) and G1 (genital group) were given 1 ml of sterile water only by the same methods as described for the other animals in their respective groups. After the inoculations, immobilization was reversed by intramuscular administration of atipamezole (Antisedan; Orion Corporation, Turku Finland) (5 mg per mg of previously administered medetomidine) (30).…”

Section: Cells and Virus Madin-darby Bovine Kidney Cells ([Mdbk] Atcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infection of Reindeer with Cervid Herpesvirus 2

Neves

Mørk²,

Godfroid

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2) has been isolated from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), and serological data indicate that in reindeer this virus is endemic in Fennoscandia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. CvHV2 has been described as a cause of subclinical genital infections in reindeer, but little information on primary infections exists. In this study, six seronegative and presumably pregnant reindeer were allocated to one of two groups. Two animals were inoculated with CvHV2 intratracheally, and two animals intravaginally, with one control animal in each group receiving sterile water. Mild hyperthermia and serous discharges from the vagina and nose were observed. No abortions were recorded, but one calf died shortly after birth. Inoculated animals seroconverted and had neutralizing antibodies after days 7 to 10 postinfection. CvHV2 was detected by PCR in nasal and vaginal swabs from animals in both groups but could be isolated only from nasal swabs in the respiratory group and from vaginal swabs in the genital group. CvHV2 was detected by PCR in various organs and tissues postmortem. In control animals, the virus could not be isolated in spite of PCR-positive nasal and vaginal swab samples and some degree of positive immunostaining. One of the animals that were inoculated intratracheally developed a hemorrhagic, necrotizing bronchopneumonia, which was CvHV2 positive by PCR and immunohistochemistry. We conclude that CvHV2 can cause systemic infection, that both genital and respiratory inoculations can lead to virus shedding, and that the virus can infect the fetus in utero.

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“…Arnemo and Aanes (2009) did a similar study on medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in Svalbard reindeer (SR, Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Hypoxemia (as indicated by pulse oximetry) following medetomidine-ketamine administration has also been reported for captive, semidomestic Norwegian reindeer, R. t. tarandus (Ryeng et al, 2001), WR (Arnemo et al, 2011), and SR (Arnemo and Aanes, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The Svalbard reindeer were calm and not concerned by the darter's presence and often walked only 10-20 m away when they noticed the presence of the researchers. The SR exhibited lower and the WR higher temperatures than found in captive semidomestic reindeer (mean 39.1 C, 95% CI, 38.9-39.3 C; Ryeng et al, 2001), likely indicating relative stress levels for captures in these three types of reindeer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Physiologic Evaluation of Medetomidine-Ketamine Anesthesia in Free-ranging Svalbard (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and Wild Norwegian Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Evans¹,

Lian²,

Neves

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Previously published studies indicated that combinations of medetomidine and ketamine were effective for both Svalbard (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and wild Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). Both previous studies indicated that reindeer were hypoxemic on the basis of pulse oximetry. We conducted a physiologic evaluation of these two protocols using arterial blood gases. Medetomidine (10 mg) and ketamine (200 mg) were administered by dart from the ground in Svalbard reindeer (October 2010) and from a helicopter for wild reindeer (March 2012). Of tested animals, all seven wild reindeer and five of seven Svalbard reindeer were hypoxemic before oxygen administration. Nasal oxygen insufflation (1 L/min for five Svalbard reindeer and one wild reindeer and 2 L/min for four wild reindeer) corrected hypoxemia in all cases evaluated. For reversal, all animals received 5 mg atipamezole per mg medetomidine intramuscularly.

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Clinical evaluation of established optimal immobilizing doses of medetomidine-ketamine in captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Abstract: mmobilization of captive reindeer achieved by use of the optimal dose established here is clinically acceptable, although Spo2 should be carefully monitored. Administration of the optimal dose produced the same clinical effect during repeated immobilization of the same reindeer.

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Determination and Evaluation of an Optimal Dosage of Carfentanil and Xylazine for the Immobilization of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)

Determination and Evaluation of an Optimal Dosage of Carfentanil and Xylazine for the Immobilization of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)

Experimental Infection of Reindeer with Cervid Herpesvirus 2

Physiologic Evaluation of Medetomidine-Ketamine Anesthesia in Free-ranging Svalbard (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and Wild Norwegian Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

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