Clinical Evaluation of Dementia in Down's Syndrome: A Preliminary Report

Personality and behaviour changes mark the early stages of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down's syndrome: findings from a prospective population-based study

“…Dalton et al, 1974;Wisniewski et al, 1978;Thase et al, 1982;Thase et al, 1984;Zigman et al, 1987;Young and Kramer, 1991;Dalton and Fedor, 1998;Dalton et al, 1999). Disentangling the effects of AD from those of normal ageing in this population is complicated by the almost universal presence of AD neuropathology in this group.…”

Longevity and Mortality in Down's Syndrome

“…Clinical findings associated with development of Alzheimer-type dementia include a gradual regression of adaptive skills, memory and mood changes, apathy and withdrawal (Jervis, 1948;Gibson, 1978;Thaseer al., 1982). Decreased memory functions, focal neurologic signs, development of convulsive disorders, and electroencephalographic changes have been associated with advancing age in DS (Dalton, Crapper & Schlotterer, 1974;Veall, 1974;Wisniewski et al, 1978;Tangye, 1979;Thase et al, 1982). Thasc et al, (1982) recently found that 45% of DS individuals over age 45 met diagnostic criteria for primary degenerative dementia.…”

Sex Differences in the Cholinergic Basal Forebrain in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease

“…Caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (HSA21), DS is a rare somatic aneuploidy in that individuals survive into middle age, with a mean life expectancy between 50–60 years (31, 50). In addition to ID, most individuals with DS show characteristics of premature aging including early presentation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like neuropathology (56, 86, 89, 95) and dementia presenting in >50% of the surviving DS population over the age of 50 years (8, 55, 69). Although it is currently suggested that the onset of dementia in DS is, in part, due to triplication of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) gene, located on HSA21 (64, 82), other factors likely play a role.…”