Clinical evaluation of 3D-printed zirconia crowns fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) for posterior teeth restorations: Short-term pilot study

Comparative Analysis of 3D-Printed and Milled Zirconia in Dental Clinical Applications

“…In a prospective short-term clinical trial by Kao et al [14], clinical outcomes of SLM zirconia crowns revealed an increase in gingival and plaque indices for 40% of cases within the first two weeks, possibly due to differences in surface texture between the original tooth and the 3D-printed zirconia. Despite this, zirconia's unique surface texture and bioinert nature make it less prone to microbial adhesion compared to base-metal alloys [15,16,17].…”

3D‐printed intracoronal restorations, occlusal and laminate veneers: Clinical relevance, properties, and behavior compared to milled restorations; a systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…AM in the world of dentistry has become increasingly widespread in recent years, particularly in the field of prosthodontics, where it is used to construct resin models, surgical guides, patterns for lost wax techniques, and even removable partial and full dental prostheses 53 . The clinical application of additively manufactured definite restorations has been clinically achieved in the field of fixed prosthetics; the technology has undergone numerous laboratory investigations and has been used clinically for monolithic zirconia ceramic crowns 54,55 . However, additively manufactured materials for partial coverage restorations laminate and occlusal veneer, and other complex and delicate restorations, in particular resins and glass ceramics might not have been approved yet for clinical applications 24,41 .…”

“…However, the initial investment and the production cost will always be a win for printed compared to milled restorations, irrespective of the 3D‐printed material used 43 . 3D‐printed or so‐called AM of dental restorations and prostheses is in the beginning phase, it has developed so fast in the last 3 years, that the technology succeeded in producing single crowns for clinical use, 54,55 and achieved a full mouth rehabilitation of a worn dentition 65 utilizing 3D.printed monolithic zirconia ceramic. The partial coverage restorations made of resin materials are still a long way ahead before clinical adoption, the high stain susceptibility is the greatest obstacle.…”

“…Moreover, glass ceramic and resin materials have not been approved yet for dental clinical applications 23,24,28 . However, when compared to other dental materials, zirconia 3D printing has made significant progress in the past 3 years, and high‐quality printable zirconia materials have facilitated their utilization in various clinical studies 54,55,65,71 …”

“…53 The clinical application of additively manufactured definite restorations has been clinically achieved in the field of fixed prosthetics; the technology has undergone numerous laboratory investigations and has been used clinically for monolithic zirconia ceramic crowns. 54,55 However, additively manufactured materials for partial coverage restorations laminate and occlusal veneer, and other complex and delicate restorations, in particular resins and glass ceramics might not have been approved yet for clinical applications. 24,41 The objective of this systematic review was to demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating thin/ultrathin and delicate partial coverage restorations for clinical applications; all relevant clinical data were retrieved.…”