Clinical epidemiology of premenstrual disorder: informing optimized patient outcomes

Abstract

Premenstrual disorders encompass a spectrum that ranges from mild cyclical psychological and somatic symptoms to the rarer but much-more-severe premenstrual dysphoric disorder. This condition is serious and the etiology is unclear, but possible causes include genetic factors, hormonal fluctuations, and neurotransmitter dysfunctions. Differentiation from other affective disorders can be difficult but is key to providing appropriate management. This comprehensive review will discuss the most-recent classification of premenstrual disorders, etiology, diagnosis, and potential current management strategies.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: General overview, treatment strategies, and focus on sertraline for symptom-onset dosing

“…The prevalence of PMDD is 3%–9%. [3] Similar numbers have been reported from India. In a small, early study of 62 women, Banerjee et al .…”

Emotional Consequences of Finasteride: Fool’s Gold

“…It has been reported that markers of anomalous brain substrate, such as left handedness, skeletal asymmetry, or a family history of major mood disorders, are greatly overrepresented in the histories of women with severe, debilitation premenstrual tension syndromes compared with women without premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Hay, Bancroft, & Johnstone, 1994; Klein, Versi, & Herzog, 1999; Robinson & Ismail, 2015). Similarly, this exploratory study suggests an analogous association, by which possession of a familial and/or a personal history of an Axis I mental health disorder, becomes an independent marker of anomalous brain substrate that, by some as of yet unknown mechanism, puts them at increased risk of experiencing intractable emotional disorders triggered by finasteride therapy.…”

The diagnosis and management of depression in the era of the DSM-5

“…A systematic approach to the diagnosis of PMDD is essential and should include ruling out a premenstrual exacerbation of another underlying or comorbid mood, anxiety or physical disorder. 11,12 .…”