Clinical Efficacy of Venetoclax and Azacitidine Treatment for an AML-M5 Patient with Poor Prognosis MDS-EB2 Transformation: A Case Report

Abstract

Combination therapy using combination of venetoclax and azacytidine (VEN+AZA) has shown potential in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its effectiveness may vary depending on the patient's disease background and genetic mutations. In this case study, we present a patient with M5 type AML who was not a suitable candidate for VEN+AZA treatment. The patient did not respond to the treatment, and the disease rapidly progressed, ultimately leading to the patient's death. In vitrodrug sensitivity assays revealed that the patient's primary leukemia cells were not sensitive to anthracyclines, venetoclax, and azacitidine. Therefore, we recommend conducting in vitro drug sensitivity testing and detecting the patient's genetic mutation spectrum before starting induction therapy. This can help predict the effectiveness of the VEN+AZA regimen in AML patients. Additionally, it is crucial to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) to evaluate disease remission and treatment response in AML patients.