Clinical efficacy of the RIT 4237 live attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine in infants vaccinated before a rotavirus epidemic

Vesikari, Timo; Isolauri, Erika; Delem, Andrée; D'Hondt, E; André, Francis; Beards, G. M.; Flewett, T. H.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80123-2

Cited by 161 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Intestinal rotavirus-specific antibody can mediate intestinal virus clearance and protection (21,39,40). Whether serum antibody also contributes to this process remains controversial (13,36,42,62,65,66), nor is it known whether serum antibodies mediate clearance of virus from blood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immune Mediators of Rotavirus Antigenemia Clearance in Mice

Marcelin

Miller

Blutt

et al. 2011

J Virol

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The immunological mediators that clear rotavirus antigenemia or viremia remain undefined. Immunodeficient mice and antibody transfer were used to test whether lymphocytes or rotavirus-specific serum antibodies are essential for resolving antigenemia. Clearance of antigenemia required lymphocytes, but neither T nor B lymphocytes were absolutely required. Transfer of convalescent-phase or nonneutralizing rotavirus-specific serum antibodies to the systemic compartment of severe-combined-immunodeficient (SCID) mice temporarily suppressed the onset or level of chronic rotavirus antigenemia. Our findings provide the first report demonstrating that clearance of rotavirus antigenemia and possibly viremia are mediated by multiple effector lymphocyte subsets and serum antibodies.

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confidence: 99%

Immune Mediators of Rotavirus Antigenemia Clearance in Mice

Marcelin

Miller

Blutt

et al. 2011

J Virol

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“…The morbidity and mortality associated with diarrheal diseases in developing countries makes prevention and treatment of gastroenteritis an important goal (17). The appropriateness of active immunization for immunoprophylaxis against infection is the subject of intensive research (1,7,8,21,28). Nevertheless, because of problems arising from the practicability of actively immunizing infants, especially in chidren unable to mount an endogenous immune response and from the need to treat diarrheal disease in hospitalized infants, passive immunization and a thera- small intestine from all 7 MO-infected mice showed the following histopathological changes: 1) a loss of the microvilli on enterocytes; 2) degenerated enterocytes with intracytoplasmic vacuoles; 3) an interstitial edema of villi.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gastroenteritis in Suckling Mice Caused by Human Rotavirus Can Be Prevented with Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY) and Treated with a Protein‐Bound Polysaccharide Preparation (PSK)

Ebina

Tsukada

Umezu

et al. 1990

Microbiology and Immunology

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Oral inoculation of human rotavirus MO strain (serotype 3) into 5-dayold BALB/c mice cause gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea. Clinical symptoms, histopathological changes in the small intestine, and the detection of rotavirus antigen in enterocytes were all characteristic of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis. Using this small animal model, passive protection of suckling mice against human rotavirus infection was achieved with the use of immunoglobulin (IgY) from the yolks of eggs of rotavirus-immunized hens. When IgY against a rotavirus strain homotypic to the challenge virus (MO strain) was administered in the mice, complete protection against rotavirus infection was achieved. On the other hand, with oral administration of IgY against a heterotypic strain (serotype 1 , Wa strain), a lower protective effect was nevertheless obtained. The four different strains of human rotavirus (Wa, KUN, MO, and ST3) were inactivated in vitro by treatment with PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, in a dose-dependent manner . Oral administration of 2.5 mg of PSK caused a therapeutic effect on experimentally MO-infected suckling mice. The antiviral effect of PSK was indicated by the reduction of the duration of diarrhea.

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“…In industrialized countries, clinical trials for three Jennerian vaccines using attenuated animal strains demonstrated good efficacy against severe rotavirus disease [20,69,79,91,[95][96][97][98]. In contrast, these vaccines failed to provide protection in challenging impoverished settings where the vaccine would be most critical to saving lives [32,40,41,48,49,85].…”

Section: Development Of Rotavirus Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efficacy of this vaccine, designated RIT 4237, was 60-89% against severe rotavirus disease in clinical trials in industrialized settings (Finland and US) [79,95,96,98]. In contrast, RIT 4237 provided no protection in poor settings of Rwanda (efficacy = 0%) [32], the Gambia (7%) [41], and US Native Americans (0%) [85].…”

Section: Rit 4237mentioning

confidence: 99%