Clinical effects of oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) on the human cornea and conjunctiva

Zollman, Ted M; Bragg, Robert; Harrison, DA

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00463-2

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…TRPV1 knockout mice display altered responses to these stimuli and reduced thermal hypersensitivity in the context of inflammation [69]. Capsaicin activates polymodal nociceptors in the cornea [60,65,73] and upon application to the human eye produces pain [74,75]. TRPV1 activation by heat, protons and inflammatory mediators enhances excitability of polymodal nociceptors [76].…”

Section: Neurobiological Features In Normal/non Dry Eye Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report

et al. 2017

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Pain associated to mechanical and chemical irritation of the eye surface is mediated by trigeminal ganglia mechano- and polymodal nociceptor neurons while cold thermoreceptors detect wetness and reflexly maintain basal tear production and blinking rate. These neurons project into two regions of the trigeminal brain stem nuclear complex: ViVc, activated by changes in the moisture of the ocular surface and VcC1, mediating sensory-discriminative aspects of ocular pain and reflex blinking. ViVc ocular neurons project to brain regions that control lacrimation and spontaneous blinking and to the sensory thalamus. Secretion of the main lacrimal gland is regulated dominantly by autonomic parasympathetic nerves, reflexly activated by eye surface sensory nerves. These also evoke goblet cell secretion through unidentified efferent fibers. Neural pathways involved in the regulation of Meibonian gland secretion or mucins release have not been identified. In dry eye disease, reduced tear secretion leads to inflammation and peripheral nerve damage. Inflammation causes sensitization of polymodal and mechano-nociceptor nerve endings and an abnormal increase in cold thermoreceptor activity, altogether evoking dryness sensations and pain. Long-term inflammation and nerve injury alter gene expression of ion channels and receptors at terminals and cell bodies of trigeminal ganglion and brainstem neurons, changing their excitability, connectivity and impulse firing. Perpetuation of molecular, structural and functional disturbances in ocular sensory pathways ultimately leads to dysestesias and neuropathic pain referred to the eye surface. Pain can be assessed with a variety of questionaires while the status of corneal nerves is evaluated with esthesiometry and with in vivo confocal microscopy.

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Section: Neurobiological Features In Normal/non Dry Eye Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report

et al. 2017

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“…Sinir uçlarındaki harabiyete bağlı olarak daha sonra nörotrofik keratit gelişimi veya kornea yara iyileşmesinde bozulma riski olabilir [1]. Kornea epitelinde %100'e varan genişlikte hasar ve kornea ödemi, limbus ve konjunktivada yaygın iskemi, sirküler konjunktiva kemozisi, ileri dönemde nörotrofik keratit ve derin stroma skarı gelişimi bildirilmiştir [10].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Biber gazının aktif etken maddesi oleoresin capsisum (OC), acı biberin öğütülmesi yoluyla elde edilen kırmızımsı kahverengi yağlı bir ekstrattır [1]. Oleoresin tozu kırmızı biber ya da acı Arnavut biberlerinden, genellikle alkol, eter, kloroform gibi bir organik çözücü eklenmesi ile elde edilir.…”

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Eye Findings in Two Patients Exposed to Pepper Spray

Özer

2014

Med-Science

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“…The toxic effect of capsaicin is the consequence of a massive calcium entrance that leads to cell damage and functional inactivation that renders the nerve endings insensitive to further stimuli. Zollman et al [5] measured corneal sensation using Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer after exposure to OC spray and demonstrated a dramatic reduction in corneal sensitivity after 10 min, followed by improvement after 1 h and a return to normality in a week.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsicum spray injury of the eye

et al. 2007

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We report a case of moderate-grade chemical injury to an eye following exposure to capsicum spray. A 75-year-old man presented with chemical injury to the conjunctiva and cornea following exposure to capsicum spray. The corneal epithelial defect healed in 2 weeks following the initiation of medical treatment. His unaided visual acuity had improved to 6/18 (6/9 with pinhole) after 6 weeks. Such a case illustrates that the safety of the commercially available capsicum sprays should be assessed before marketing as they may cause serious injury to the eye.

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Clinical effects of oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) on the human cornea and conjunctiva

Cited by 47 publications

References 7 publications

TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report

TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report

Eye Findings in Two Patients Exposed to Pepper Spray

Capsicum spray injury of the eye

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