Clinical Disorders Affecting Taste: An Update

Bromley, Steven M.; Doty, Richard L.

doi:10.1002/9781118971758.ch39

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…On the other hand, regional nerve loss goes unnoticed in many individuals because it does not always lead to whole-mouth sensory loss. Overall, the diversity and unpredictability of these outcomes have vexed clinical efforts for over a century, confounding a definitive model of oral sensory dysfunction [e.g., 25-27] and public health estimates of its prevalence [28, 29]. …”

Section: Consequences Of Oral Sensory Nerve Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral sensory nerve damage: Causes and consequences

Snyder

Bartoshuk

2016

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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Oral sensations (i.e., taste, oral somatosensation, retronasal olfaction) are integrated into a composite sense of flavor, which guides dietary choices with long-term health impact. The nerves carrying this input are vulnerable to peripheral damage from multiple sources (e.g., otitis media, tonsillectomy, head injury), and this regional damage can boost sensations elsewhere in the mouth because of central interactions among nerve targets. Mutual inhibition governs this compensatory process, but individual differences lead to variation in whole-mouth outcomes: some individuals are unaffected, others experience severe loss, and some encounter sensory increases that may (if experienced early in life) elevate sweet-fat palatability and body mass. Phantom taste, touch, or pain sensations (e.g., burning mouth syndrome) may also occur, particularly in those expressing the most taste buds. To identify and treat these conditions effectively, emerging clinical tests measure regional vs. whole-mouth sensation, stimulated vs. phantom cues, and oral anatomy. Scaling methods allowing valid group comparisons have strongly aided these efforts. Overall, advances in measuring oral sensory function in health and disease show promise for understanding the varied clinical consequences of nerve damage.

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Section: Consequences Of Oral Sensory Nerve Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral sensory nerve damage: Causes and consequences

Snyder

Bartoshuk

2016

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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“…In addition to RT, chemotherapy and targeted therapeutics may affect taste by direct taste receptor stimulation, or damage, or via secretion in saliva or gingival crevicular fluid . Hyposalivation and oral, dental, periodontal, and oropharyngeal pathologies may affect taste function and mucosal sensitivity It should be recognized that systemic factors can influence taste such as paraneoplastic syndromes , diabetes, severe anemia, and leukemia . In addition, medications may have taste‐related side effects, with the highest prevalence rates of taste change associated with antibiotics, anti‐hypertensives, antidepressants, muscle relaxants, and multiple cancer chemotherapeutics including cytotoxic, targeted and immune therapies .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports have indicated a variable incidence of ORN between 4 and 37% with declining risk in modern series associated with advances in RT. When three‐dimensional RT and IMRT became available, the observed average incidence of ORN decreased to lower than 5% .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others factors predicting ORN include increased RT fraction size, increased total RT dose to the mandible, and other factors such as the extent of the tumor, proximity with bone, bone invasion and the need for pre‐radiation bone resection . Males age 55 or older with history of tobacco and alcohol use are more frequently affected . The mandible is more commonly affected than the maxilla.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Common oral complications of head and neck cancer radiation therapy: mucositis, infections, saliva change, fibrosis, sensory dysfunctions, dental caries, periodontal disease, and osteoradionecrosis

et al. 2017

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Patients undergoing radiation therapy for the head and neck are susceptible to a significant and often abrupt deterioration in their oral health. The oral morbidities of radiation therapy include but are not limited to an increased susceptibility to dental caries and periodontal disease. They also include profound and often permanent functional and sensory changes involving the oral soft tissue. These changes range from oral mucositis experienced during and soon after treatment, mucosal opportunistic infections, neurosensory disorders, and tissue fibrosis. Many of the oral soft tissue changes following radiation therapy are difficult challenges to the patients and their caregivers and require life‐long strategies to alleviate their deleterious effect on basic life functions and on the quality of life. We discuss the presentation, prognosis, and management strategies of the dental structure and oral soft tissue morbidities resulting from the administration of therapeutic radiation in head and neck patient. A case for a collaborative and integrated multidisciplinary approach to the management of these patients is made, with specific recommendation to include knowledgeable and experienced oral health care professionals in the treatment team.

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“…Transient or permanent taste disturbances can occur from a wide variety of causes. 9 These include medications, infections, radiation to the head and neck, exposure to oral irritants (including tobacco), and vitamin deficiencies. 6 , 10 Among surgeries that can lead to taste dysfunction are middle ear surgery, 11 , 12 , 13 tonsillectomy, 14 , 15 third molar extraction, 16 microdirect laryngoscopy, 17 and potentially uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐tonsillectomy taste dysfunction: Myth or reality?

Soldatova

Doty

2018

World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg.

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Lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN Ⅸ) are at risk of injury during tonsillectomy due to their proximity to the muscle layer of the palatine tonsillar bed. However, it is unclear how often this common surgery leads to taste disturbances. We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PsychInfo, and Ovid Medline to evaluate the available literature on post-tonsillectomy taste disorders. Studies denoting self-reported dysfunction, as well as those employing quantitative testing, i.e., chemogustometry and electrogustometry, were identified. Case reports were excluded. Of the 8 original articles that met our inclusion criteria, only 5 employed quantitative taste tests. The highest prevalence of self-reported taste disturbances occurred two weeks after surgery (32%). Two studies reported post-operative chemical gustometry scores consistent with hypogeusia. However, in the two studies that compared pre- and post-tonsillectomy test scores, one found no difference and the other found a significant difference only for the left rear of the tongue 14 days post-op. In the two studies that employed electrogustometry, elevated post-operative thresholds were noted, although only one compared pre- and post-operative thresholds. This study found no significant differences. No study employed a normal control group to assess the influences of repeated testing on the sensory measures. Overall, this review indicates that studies on post-tonsillectomy taste disorders are limited and ambiguous. Future research employing appropriate control groups and taste testing procedures are needed to define the prevalence, duration, and nature of post-tonsillectomy taste disorders.

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Clinical Disorders Affecting Taste: An Update

Cited by 18 publications

References 158 publications

Oral sensory nerve damage: Causes and consequences

Oral sensory nerve damage: Causes and consequences

Common oral complications of head and neck cancer radiation therapy: mucositis, infections, saliva change, fibrosis, sensory dysfunctions, dental caries, periodontal disease, and osteoradionecrosis

Post‐tonsillectomy taste dysfunction: Myth or reality?

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